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Refactored genetic codes enable bidirectional genetic isolation (Science 2022 Jason W. Chin Cambridge university)
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT): one way for evolution - The process of passing genetic material to other cells rather than progeny, such as conjugation, transduction, and transformation of cells
Gene vertical transfer: the process by which organisms pass genes to offspring.
This article reconstructs the genetic code structure of Escherichia coli and creates an orthogonal genetic code that limits the escape of synthetic genetic information into natural organisms.
A new codon rule was defined in which the TCG and TCA serine codons were replaced with the synonymous AGC and AGT codons, and the TAG stop codon was also replaced with TAA, resulting in the Syn61 strain - further improve it to Syn61∆3: Can barely read all codons in the universal genetic code
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