Specific targeted treatments usually present a favorable risk-benefit ratio, where the benefits outweigh the potential side effects and toxicity. This is because the treatment is targeted toward individuals who are already suffering from a specific disease and have a high likelihood of developing severe consequences without treatment. In the case of a severe disease, even a substantial risk of toxicity could be acceptable if the treatment can cure a debilitating or potentially fatal disease. However, when it comes to treatments for large populations, such as vaccines, we must consider the potential risks and side effects in a different manner entirely. This is because the intervention is not targeted toward individuals who are already suffering from a specific disease, but rather toward a population that may not necessarily even need the intervention. In the case of most mass treatments, almost any toxicity would be unjustifiable as there was nothing wrong with the individuals from the beginning, nor is there is any certainty that anything will ever be wrong with them. https://orthodoxreflections.com/the-differences-in-risk-benefit-analysis-and-ethics-of-targeted-vs-mass-population-medicine/