Only a handful of Ethiopia's women's groups graduated to cooperative status. Most still need support.

Whereas, India's Deen Dayal–National Rural Livelihoods Mission offers a useful reference: it federates self-help groups into village organisations and cluster-level federations that facilitate market access and financial literacy.

This brief argues that livelihood programmes work best when they combine collective organisation, financial literacy, market linkages and climate resilience and that India and Ethiopia have much to learn from each other: https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/women-s-livelihoods-and-resilience-lessons-from-ethiopia-and-india