5 of the 6 Gulf monarchies hold ""SCO partner"" status. None sent a delegation to the organisation's 25th anniversary summit.

The SCO's persistent dilemma remains the same: delivering on what has been envisaged while ironing out the stumbling blocks that hinder coordination on tackling security threats across the Eurasian space.

This brief argues that while the SCO remains relevant to discussions on Eurasian affairs, the lack of organisation-wide unity and persistent bilateral differences remain key challenges to its effective functioning: https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-sco-at-25-expanding-ambitions-persistent-divergences