✅مبحث COPD exacerbation
مبحثی شایع که احتمالا توی طرح یا اورژانس باهاش برخورد داشته باشیم.
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COPD exacerbation is an event characterized by dyspnea and/or cough and sputum that worsens over ≤14 days.
This generally includes an acute change in one or more of the following cardinal symptoms:
●Cough increases in frequency and severity
●Sputum production increases in volume and/or changes character ●Dyspnea increases

We suggest empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with a COPD exacerbation and ≥2 of 3 cardinal symptoms: increased dyspnea, increased sputum volume/viscosity, or increased sputum purulence OR a COPD exacerbation requiring hospitalization and/or ventilatory support (either invasive or noninvasive).
Antibiotics are also indicated for patients with concurrent pneumonia.

▪︎GOLD 2025 COPD: Full Guidelines and Pocket Guidelines