Different identities, closely neighboring ancestry profiles: Greek Macedonia and Macedonian North Macedonia are just 1.466 apart, rated Very close.

Both are led by Anatolian Neolithic Farmer ancestry: 52.1% for Greek Macedonia and 53.5% for Macedonian. Western Steppe Herder follows at 36.4% and 40.2%, respectively. The Macedonian reference has 3.8 percentage points more steppe-related ancestry in this model, while their farmer proportions differ by only 1.4 points.

Greek Macedonia's full breakdown also includes 4.2% Levantine Neolithic Farmer, 3.6% Western Hunter-Gatherer, 2.8% Zagros Neolithic Farmer, 0.7% Caucasus Hunter-Gatherer and 0.2% East Asian. Macedonian includes 3.1% Western Hunter-Gatherer, 3.1% Levantine Neolithic Farmer and 0.1% East Asian. These deep-ancestry components are estimates, not modern nationality percentages; very small signals are especially model-sensitive.

Greek Macedonia's nearest match overall is Greek Western Macedonia (0.780), followed by Macedonian Greece Florina (0.970), Greek Eastern Macedonia and Thrace (1.056), Greek Central Greece Boeotia (1.114) and Greek Central Macedonia (1.183), all extremely close. Its cards instead show the exact Macedonian partner, Albanian Tosk North Macedonia (1.639) and Albanian Gheg Kosovo (1.757), selected for distinct national flags.

Macedonian's nearest overall match is Macedonian Greece Florina (0.851), followed by Greek Western Macedonia (0.932) and Albanian Gheg Montenegro (1.142), all extremely close. Greek Eastern Macedonia and Thrace (1.284), Moldovan Ștefan Vodă (1.411), Greek Macedonia (1.466), Turkish Balkans (1.467) and Bulgarian (1.488) are very close. Its cards use Albanian Gheg Montenegro, Moldovan Ștefan Vodă and the exact Greek Macedonia partner.

These references average 6 and 47 samples. Their ancestry fits are rated Very good and Good. Genetic similarity does not decide language or identity, and distance is not a percentage of shared DNA.

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