تفاوت دو جور «جا»: مکان place و فضا space

Gieryn (2000) sets out three ground rules defining places. . . . Third, places are also socially constructed and invested with meaning by people. Places only exist when people interpret, make sense of, perceive and narrate stories about them, real or imagined. Thus, a place is different from a space. Spaces are abstractions, “detached from material form and cultural interpretation,” while places are more than locations, either physical or virtual—they are “spaces filled up by people, practices, objects and representations” (Gieryn, 2000, p. 465). They are sites of material location, meaning and values, which are socially constructed by people who “arrive” at existing spaces and revise and reconstruct them through their actions and cognitions (Guthey et al., 2014).

©️Arshed, N., Martin, G., & Knox, S. (2023). Ties That Bind or Blind? The Role of Identity and Place in Understanding Women Entrepreneurs’ Support Needs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 47(6), 2205-2232.

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