THE GLOBAL NEW LIGHT OF MYANMAR

Later, the General and party inspected the trainees’ barracks, mess halls, and kitchens at local training depots in the Taikkyi and Indaing stations areas to ensure orderliness, and coordinated and fulfilled requirements based on presentations by responsible officials. They then observed and encouraged People’s Military Service trainees undergoing training sessions.

Continuing their tour, General Kyaw Swa Lin and party arrived at the Defence Services Self-Defence and Sports Institute in the Indaing garrison area. They inspected the trainees’ barracks, mess hall, and sports facilities, observed training underway across various disciplines, encouraged the trainees, and coordinated necessary support with officials.

Next, the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services and party visited the local Defence Services Youth Education Training School (Yemon). They observed and encouraged students attending Grades 10, 11, and 12, presenting supplies and cash awards to students and teachers. They then inspected the school’s mess hall and kitchen facilities, providing necessary instructions and guidance to responsible officials. —100

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87 offenders involved in online scams & gambling arrested in Hopong

THE government places special emphasis on identifying, preventing and taking action against perpetrators of online scams and online gambling, who illegally enter Myanmar across the border and pose a serious threat not only to local communities but also to the social and economic well-being of people around the world, as a national task. It also closely coordinates with the governments of neighbouring countries to effectively identify, arrest and take action against such offenders. As part of these intensified efforts, offenders engaged in online scams and online gambling were identified and arrested together with their operational equipment in Hopong Township, Shan State (South), yesterday.

Based on information provided by responsible locals that people involved in online scams and online gambling in Hopong Township established temporary living tents and were hiding and conducting their activities there, the combined teams, including security personnel conducting area security operations, conducted investigations and security operations. At about 7 am yesterday, near Nalon Village, about 21 kilometres southwest of Mongpun in Hopong Township, a total of 87 individuals involved in online scams and online gambling were arrested. They comprised 75 Chinese nationals who had illegally entered Myanmar across the border and 12 Myanmar nationals.

The authorities also seized two temporary tarpaulin tents measuring 60 feet long and 20 feet wide, used as combined living quarters and workplaces; one temporary tarpaulin tent measuring 40 feet long and 20 feet wide, used as a kitchen; one temporary tarpaulin tent measuring 40 feet long and 20 feet wide that was under construction; four Starlink sets; 17 allin-one computers; two laptops; and 524 mobile phones.

Effective legal action will be taken against the offenders in accordance with existing laws after the necessary investigations into those arrested for engaging in online scams and online gambling are completed. The seized illegal buildings and huts will be demolished systematically. Intensified efforts to completely eradicate online scams and online gambling will continue to be carried out to prevent such activities from becoming established and to eliminate them.

100/ KTZH

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Yangon Port handles 518 container vessels in Jan-Sept

MYANMA Port Authority’s statistics showed arrivals of a total of 518 container vessels at Yangon Port in the past nine months (January-September) of 2026.

Yangon Port handled arrivals of 61 container vessels in September, 55 each in August, July and June, 57 in May, 53 in April, 59 in March, 60 in February and 63 in January 2026. Moreover, 56 vessels are scheduled to arrive at the port in October.

Yangon Port operated 728 container vessels in 2025, 633 in 2024 and 629 in 2023. Thanks to the draft extension, international ocean liners can access the inner port for now, according to the Myanma Port Authority’s statement on 22 June 2024.

After the new navigation channel (Kings Bank Channel) accessing the inner Yangon River was found, the draft extension work was accelerated. After that, the port can now handle larger ships.

The container vessel MV SITC Zhaoming (185.99-metre LOA, 35.25-metre Beam, 29,232 GRT and 2,698 TEUs) of Hong Kongbased SITC Shipping Line docked at Asia World Port Terminal for the first time on 22 June, which is the largest ship that AWPT Port has handled.

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Tourism has become one of the fastest-growing and most significant economic sectors in the global economy today. Beyond its economic contributions, tourism serves as a strategic sector that can play an important role in promoting a nation’s national interests. It contributes not only to economic development but also to cultural preservation, social development, diplomacy, and international relations, thereby strengthening a country’s overall position in the global community.

From an economic perspective, tourism contributes significantly to national development by generating foreign exchange earnings, stimulating economic activities, increasing government revenue through taxation, attracting domestic and foreign investment, and creating employment opportunities. Furthermore, tourism supports the growth of various related industries, including hotels and accommodation services, restaurants, transportation, handicrafts, local products, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Through these interconnected sectors, tourism creates broader economic benefits and contributes to inclusive economic growth.
In addition, tourism serves as an important source of employment generation. It creates direct employment opportunities in sectors such as hotels, travel services, tour guiding, and hospitality, while also providing indirect employment opportunities in agriculture, handicraft production, transportation, retail, and other supporting industries. In particular, the development of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) enables local communities to actively participate in tourism activities, generate income, improve their socio-economic conditions, and contribute to regional development.

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As stated above, national Interest is one of the most fundamental concepts in international relations and public policy, and it encompasses the long-term goals, priorities, and aspirations that guide a state’s domestic and foreign policies in protecting its sovereignty, ensuring national security, promoting economic prosperity, preserving its cultural identity, improving the well-being of its citizens, and achieving sustainable national development. While the traditional understanding of national interest primarily focused on military strength, territorial integrity, and political security, the concept has evolved significantly in response to globalization, technological advancement, and increasing international interdependence. Today, culture and tourism are widely recognized as strategic sectors that contribute directly to the realization of a nation’s national interests.

Culture as a Strategic Component of National Interest

Culture is the fundamental pillar of a nation’s national identity, representing its history, cultural heritage, language, arts, traditions and customs, beliefs, and way of life. Therefore, preserving, protecting, and promoting cultural heritage has become an essential component of the national interest.

The preservation and safeguarding of ancient cultural heritage, historical cities, historic buildings, museums, traditional arts, literature, languages, religious heritage, and traditional knowledge passed down from generation to generation constitute a significant foundation for strengthening a nation’s historical identity, cultural values, and national identity. These cultural heritages represent a nation’s historical experiences, the values and beliefs of its people, and their traditional ways of life. Therefore, preserving and promoting such heritage can enhance public awareness, appreciation, patriotism, and national pride toward one’s country and cultural identity.

Furthermore, the effective preservation and promotion of cultural heritage not only enable younger generations to better understand their historical roots and cultural identity but also provide an important means of introducing and showcasing the unique cultural characteristics of a nation to the international community. Such cultural preservation efforts play a vital role in strengthening national unity, promoting cultural values within society, and enhancing a country’s Soft Power and international image. Moreover, culture is an important source of soft power. Through cultural diplomacy, cultural exchange programs, art exhibitions, cultural festivals, educational cooperation, and creative industries, a nation can introduce its cultural values to the world while enhancing international trust, friendship, and influence. Therefore, the preservation and promotion of culture play a strategic role in advancing a country’s foreign policy objectives and safeguarding its national interests.

Furthermore, culture has become an increasingly important instrument of soft power. Unlike military or economic power, soft power enables countries to influence others through attraction rather than coercion.

Cultural diplomacy, international cultural exchanges, art exhibitions, festivals, educational cooperation, and creative industries help improve a country’s international image and foster mutual understanding among nations.

Countries with rich cultural heritage often enjoy greater international recognition and are able to strengthen diplomatic relations through cultural cooperation. Consequently, investment in cultural preservation and promotion directly supports a country’s foreign policy objectives and enhances its global standing.

The Importance of the Tourism Sector for National Interest

Moreover, the preservation of cultural heritage represents an important aspect of national interest as it contributes to a nation’s identity, historical continuity, and international reputation. Protecting and promoting cultural heritage, traditions, and historical values not only strengthens national pride among citizens but also enhances a country’s image and soft power in the international arena.

At the same time, regional and international cooperation has become an indispensable component of contemporary national interest. In today’s interconnected world, many challenges cannot be effectively addressed by individual countries alone. Therefore, states increasingly engage with regional and international organizations to promote peace, stability, sustainable development, and mutual benefits through cooperation and collective efforts.

In the modern context, National Interest does not merely refer to the protection of a country’s territory, sovereignty, and security.

Rather, it represents a comprehensive and multidimensional concept that integrates economic, technological, social, health, environmental, cultural, and international cooperation aspects, reflecting a nation’s long-term objectives, priorities, and collective aspirations.

Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of National Interest is crucial for policymakers, researchers, and citizens, as it provides the foundation for developing effective policies, making informed decisions, and promoting the long-term interests and sustainable development of the nation.

Definition of National Interest

National interest refers to the objectives and interests that a state seeks to pursue, protect, and promote in order to ensure the survival and continuity of the nation, safeguard its sovereignty, maintain national security, foster economic development, and improve the well-being and quality of life of its people. In this regard, various scholars have defined and explained the concept of national interest as follows:

Hans J Morgenthau, one of the founders of classical realism, argued that national interest is defined primarily in terms of power. According to this perspective, states have strengthened their political, economic, and military capabilities in order to ensure their survival and security.

According to the British scholar of International Relations, Joseph Frankel, national interest is defined as “the general, long-term, and continuing purpose which the state, the nation, and the government all see themselves as pursuing.” Based on this definition, national interest extends beyond the short-term policies of a government. Rather, it serves as a fundamental objective that guides a nation’s long-term development, security, prosperity, and position in the international community.

Charles O Lerche and Abdul A Said are prominent scholars in the fields of International Relations and Foreign Policy studies who made significant contributions to the understanding of national interest, power politics, and international conflict and cooperation. They conceptualized national interest as a fundamental concept that guides a state’s foreign policy and international behaviour.

In practical terms, national interest can be understood as the combination of political, economic, security, social, cultural and environmental objectives that contribute to the long-term survival and prosperity of a nation.

The Relationship between National Interest and the Culture and Tourism Sectors

National Interest, Culture and Tourism

By Hnin Myat Thu (Culture)

Introduction

National interest is an important fundamental concept in international affairs that shapes the policies, strategies, and actions of states. Each country pursues various approaches in the political, economic, security, and foreign relations fields to protect and promote its national interests and to achieve its longterm objectives.

Therefore, National Interest is one of the most fundamental concepts in International Relations and Public Policy. National Interest refers to the fundamental objectives, policy orientations, and collective interests of a nation aimed at protecting, preserving, and promoting its sovereignty, security, economic development, culture, the social well-being of its citizens, and future development. It represents the guiding principles and priorities that shape a country’s decisions and actions in safeguarding and advancing its overall interests.

Although the concept has evolved, national interest remains the primary basis upon which governments formulate domestic and foreign policies. Regardless of differences in political systems, economic structures, and cultural traditions, all states pursue policies that they believe will safeguard their sovereignty, security, prosperity, culture and the well-being of their people.

In the era of deepening globalization, where interdependence and connectivity among nations have become increasingly significant, the meaning and scope of National Interest have expanded beyond the traditional focus on military and political security. In the contemporary world, national interest has evolved into a broader and more comprehensive concept encompassing various dimensions of national development and security. Modern states, in safeguarding and promoting their national interests, are not only concerned with protecting sovereignty and national security but also with improving the quality of life of their citizens, ensuring sustainable development, and enhancing their competitiveness within the international community.

With the expansion of the concept of national interest, economic development has become one of its essential components. Economic stability, the promotion of investment, the strengthening of trade relations, the creation of employment opportunities, and the improvement of citizens’ socioeconomic well-being are now regarded as fundamental elements in achieving and advancing national interests.

Furthermore, scientific and technological advancement and cybersecurity have emerged as critical dimensions of contemporary national security. With the increasing reliance on digital technologies, ensuring information security, protecting critical infrastructure, and maintaining technological sovereignty have become important priorities for states in safeguarding their national interests.
Similarly, public health has become a significant component of national interest and is directly linked to national security. Global pandemics and health-related challenges can have profound impacts on a country’s economy, society, and national stability.

Therefore, strengthening healthcare systems and ensuring the health security of citizens have become essential priorities in protecting national interests.

In addition, environmental protection, addressing climate change, and ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources have become key elements of modern national interest. Climate change, natural disasters, and environmental degradation can have long-term impacts on national economies and social development. Therefore, countries have increasingly incorporated sustainable development into their national strategies and policies.

National Interest, Culture and Tourism

Yangon Circular Railway Welcomes First Women Train Drivers

FOR the first time in the history of Myanma Railways, the Operating Department of Myanma Railways is making arrangements to assign female locomotive drivers to trains running on the Yangon Circular Railway line.

Currently, five women who hold AGTI diplomas from the Nationalities Youth Resource Development Degree College have been trained and produced as train drivers.

These five women completed theoretical and practical locomotive driving courses at the Central Transport and Communications School in Meiktila. During their 29-week training period, they successfully passed practical shunt-driving operations, track observation, trial driving, practical driving examinations, and interviews. They are currently undergoing practical training as assistant locomotive drivers.

Five women locomotive drivers are set to take charge of DEMU and RBE trains on the Yangon Circular Line in the coming days.

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Yangon Circular Railway Welcomes First Women Train Drivers

Bagan Lodgings Overflow Amid Thadingyut Festivities

AS of 24 October, 88 hotels, motels, and guesthouses in the Bagan Ancient Cultural Heritage Zone in NyaungU Township, Mandalay Region, have been fully booked, according to the Directorate of Hotels and Tourism, Bagan branch.

Many people planning pilgrimage trips to Bagan during the Thadingyut holidays, which take place from 24 to 26 October, made online reservations as early as the first week of October.

“Pilgrims typically visit Bagan during Thadingyut, and as of 24 October, all 88 hotels, motels, and guesthouses are fully booked,” stated U Myo Min Aung, the deputy director of the department. During Thadingyut, the number of visitors usually reaches around 150,000 per day, with the majority being day-trippers.

In Bagan, visitors can embark on pilgrimage tours of historically significant temples and pagodas, explore cultural heritage including ancient wall paintings, and capture stunning portraits with picturesque landscapes. They can also hire e-bikes for sightseeing around the ancient cultural zone.

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Bagan Lodgings Overflow Amid Thadingyut Festivities

Later, the General and party inspected the trainees’ barracks, mess halls, and kitchens at local training depots in the Taikkyi and Indaing stations areas to ensure orderliness, and coordinated and fulfilled requirements based on presentations by responsible officials. They then observed and encouraged People’s Military Service trainees undergoing training sessions.

Continuing their tour, General Kyaw Swa Lin and party arrived at the Defence Services Self-Defence and Sports Institute in the Indaing garrison area. They inspected the trainees’ barracks, mess hall, and sports facilities, observed training underway across various disciplines, encouraged the trainees, and coordinated necessary support with officials.

Next, the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services and party visited the local Defence Services Youth Education Training School (Yemon). They observed and encouraged students attending Grades 10, 11, and 12, presenting supplies and cash awards to students and teachers. They then inspected the school’s mess hall and kitchen facilities, providing necessary instructions and guidance to responsible officials. —100

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Deputy C-in-C visits training schools in Taikkyi, Indaing, and Yemon stations

DEPUTY Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Commander-in-Chief (Army) General Kyaw Swa Lin visited the local training depots in the Taikkyi station area yesterday morning and delivered an address to instructor officers, other ranks, and trainees.

The meeting was attended by the General, together with senior military officers from the Office of the Commander-in-Chief, the Commander of Yangon Command, responsible officials, instructor officers, other ranks, and trainees from the training school. First, the General delivered remarks stating that the Tatmadaw is carrying out national defence duties under the leadership and guidance of the State Government. He emphasized that national development can only be achieved when there is peace and stability; therefore, the Tatmadaw is taking responsibility for security operations to ensure peace and stability. To carry out these security duties successfully, the Tatmadaw must remain robust, strong, and highly capable.

He noted that collective training is conducted in this manner so that service personnel can become proficient in fully utilizing the combat capabilities and modern weapon technologies provided by the State and the Tatmadaw.

Therefore, to become physically fit and robust personnel capable of skillfully applying the military arts taught to them, they must continually train in accordance with the motto: “Study, Practise, Comply.” He added that personnel must constantly study evolving military sciences and military hardware to apply them practically on the battlefield. Furthermore, ongoing practice is essential to master the operation and maintenance of issued equipment. Personnel must keep abreast of modern military tactics and weaponry, adhering to tactical doctrines suited to their nation.

He highlighted that the Tatmadaw is a Union patriotic armed force composed of all national races. All units across the Tatmadaw – without distinction between infantry and supporting corps – must continuously train to remain in a state of combat readiness. Service personnel must uphold the quality and high standard of the Tatmadaw by carrying out their duties conscientiously and fully.

As members of the armed forces, they must strictly follow issued orders, directives, and legal rules and regulations. Strict discipline and oversight must be maintained to prevent any involvement with illicit drugs, promiscuity, or gambling.

He continued that national defence is an unavoidable duty for every citizen. Consequently, People’s Military Service training courses are conducted systematically and up to standard. The conscientious graduates serving in battalions and units are carrying out their assigned duties brilliantly alongside their senior Tatmadaw comrades. Regular service personnel must serve as role models by abiding by the Tatmadaw’s rules and regulations, becoming trustworthy and respected figures who guide national service members with fraternal spirit. He emphasized that esprit de corps means mutual loving-kindness, attachment, and loyalty among comrades—sharing fortunes and hardships alike, through life and death. Because Tatmadaw members take the Four Oaths of Allegiance, loyalty and integrity are essential.

He stated that each individual must train to maintain physical fitness to perform national defence and security duties, noting that each individual must regularly train by properly carrying out their daily routine tasks and duties.
Following the address, the Deputy Commander-in-Chief and party cordially greeted the instructor officers, other ranks, and trainees present.

Afterwards, the Deputy Commander-in-Chief and party had lunch together with trainees at the local training depot’s mess hall and greeted them warmly.

Deputy C-in-C visits training schools in Taikkyi, Indaing, and Yemon stations

Instability and Sabotage Stall Economic Growth

If ethnic businesspeople invest in agriculture and livestock farming activities, production industries based on agriculture and livestock farms will develop, contributing significantly to the development of the State economy, said President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar U Min Aung Hlaing at a meeting with Union ministers, the Nay Pyi Taw Council chairman, and regional and state chief ministers yesterday.

At the meeting, which took place at the President’s Office in Nay Pyi Taw, the President gave guidance on the efforts to develop the State economy.

In his speech, the President revealed that the statistics showed the State’s GDP rose about three per cent, contributing to the national economy. Still, its development is slower than that of the regional countries. As such, it is necessary to prioritize local investors while inviting foreign investments.

He pointed out that political instability and destructive acts undermine the State’s security measures and hinder the growth of production, services, and industries.

The President stated that due to the destruction of roads, bridges and other infrastructure caused by the acts of armed terrorists, the State has had to allocate additional financial resources, manpower and time for reconstruction and rehabilitation, making it difficult to implement the originally planned development projects at the intended pace.

In areas where territorial instability is ensuing, natural resources above and below ground are being illegally extracted and used for personal gain and exported to foreign countries through illicit channels, resulting in significant losses and adverse impacts on the country, he added.

Regarding the high prices of commodities, the President underlined that efforts must be made to increase production and ensure sufficiency of consumption. He noted that the unbalanced production and consumption, in addition to the high production cost, cause high commodity prices.

The President outlined that it is necessary to strive to raise the production of oil crops, rubber, cotton and kitchen crops as well as meat production.

The President instructed that instead of directly exporting broken rice abroad along with rice production, upgrading broken rice into higher-quality value-added products could generate increased income. Economic attachés assigned to different countries should also actively seek markets and promote the export of products from Myanmar to foreign countries.

The President urged that it is necessary to utilize the respective strengths of relevant regions and states in efforts to meet the targets and work diligently to achieve them successfully.

In addition to the economic measures, the President noted that it is necessary to make preparations and take measures to cope with the hot weather caused by the El Niño phenomenon until the onset of the monsoon season by conserving and efficiently using drinking water and irrigation water, opening cooling shelters, storing and conserving water in dams and reservoirs, taking measures to prevent unnecessary water losses, stockpiling fruits and food supplies that can be stored and consumed for extended periods, cultivating late-monsoon crops to achieve the targeted production goals, and ensuring the continuity of livestock farming operations. Also present at the meeting were Vice-Presidents U Nyo Saw and Nan Ni Ni Aye, Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services General Ye Win Oo, State dignitaries and deputy ministers, together with chief ministers of regions and states through videoconferencing.

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Instability and Sabotage Stall Economic Growth

The Amyotha Hluttaw will continue its eighth-day meeting on 9 October.

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Deputy Ministers respond to questions raised by lawmakers

THE Amyotha Hluttaw continued the seventh-day meeting at its meeting hall in Nay Pyi Taw yesterday afternoon.

Deputy Minister for Home Affairs Maj-Gen Min Thu replied to the queries raised by MP U Kyaw Win Oo from the Bago Region Constituency 6, saying that Myanmar has been pro­gressively strengthening its search and rescue capa­bilities based on the experi­ences and lessons learned from its cooperation with international search and rescue teams during the Mandalay earthquake. Efforts are being beefed up to further enhance the existing search and rescue capabilities in accordance with international stand­ards, establish fully qual­ified INSARAG-certified Medium Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) Teams, and undertake training, equipment provision, and international-level assess­ment and certification.

For the question raised by MP U Zaw Win Thant from the Yangon Region Constituency 4, The deputy minister also responded that although parts of plots 526(A) and 525(B), which are part of Yesutaung Ward in Htauk­kyant, Mingaladon Town­ship, Yangon Region, are located within Hmawby Township, since the es­tablishment of Htaukkyant under Mingaladon Town­ship, matters concerning administration, security measures, household registration and birth registration, regional de­velopment, payment of taxes and fees, education, healthcare and other social affairs have been managed under the administration of Mingaladon Township. Therefore, all administra­tive matters concerning the people residing in the said portions of land will continue to be managed by Mingaladon Township, while land management will be handled by Hmaw­by Township.

Deputy Minister for Construction U Myo Myint replied to queries raised by MP U Khin Maung Than from the Magway Region Constituency 6, MP U Thein Zaw from the Bago Region Constituency 8, MP U Kyaw Tint from the Mandalay Region Constit­uency 12, MP U Nyan Tun from the Taninthayi Re­gion Constituency 9 and MP U Hein Min Oo from the Mandalay Region Con­stituency 3.

He explained that the Union budget and the re­gional fund will be man­aged to complete the con­struction project, including the approach roads of the Ayeyawady Bridge (Thay­et-Aunglan) project in the 2028-29 financial year. He said that the damaged parts on Panswe-Taungnyo road in Thonze of Thay­awady Township will be repaired and maintained in 2027-28 FY, and the up­grading tasks for the road will be prioritized in yearly.

The deputy minister also explained that the fund of the Mandalay Re­gion government will be al­located to pave asphalt on the four-furlong section of the No 2 inter-district road linking Kume and Thazi townships in 2027-28 FY, and more budget alloca­tion will be made yearly for upgrading the remaining gravel section of the road.

He also revealed the plan to allocate annual funding to continue the construction of a 12-foot-wide concrete road in Kyunsu Township. In ad­dition, plans will be made to replace the existing 100-foot-long and 12-foot-wide old wooden bridge on the Tawkha–Mawkhaung­ton road section with a new reinforced concrete bridge.

Moreover, he replied that the Union budget will be allocated to construct the 100-foot-long RC two-lane bridge, withstanding 60 tonnes of load, in place of Bridge 1/68 on the Man­dalay-Mogok-Thabeik­kyi n -Tagaung-Ht i g ­yaing-Bhamo-Myitkyina road in 2027-28 FY.

The Amyotha Hlut­taw Speaker announced the plan to form the in­ter-parliamentary friend­ship association with Ma­laysia and Indonesia, and the Hluttaw approved the chairs, secretaries and members of these associ­ations.

The Speaker informed the Hluttaw about the approval of the Pyithu Hluttaw for the seventh amendments to the Amyo­tha Hluttaw Election Bill and the Region or State Hluttaw Bill without amendments. Hluttaw representatives discussed the seventh amendment to the Pyithu Hluttaw Elec­tion Bill. The Speaker an­nounced that the Amyotha Hluttaw Bill Committee will hear the discussions of the Amyotha Hluttaw representatives on the bill.