Sodium-ion batteries

A cheaper, safer, and more abundant alternative to lithium is reaching cars and power grids.

For decades, lithium-ion batteries have powered phones, laptops, and EVs. But lithium’s limited supply and volatile prices have pushed the industry to seek alternatives. Sodium-ion batteries work similarly, moving ions between electrodes, but sodium is cheap and widely available. While not yet much cheaper, costs are expected to drop as production scales.

China is leading adoption. CATL launched its Naxtra sodium-ion line in 2025 and began large-scale manufacturing. BYD is building a major production facility. JMEV offers its EV3 with a sodium-ion battery, and HiNa Battery supplies low-speed EVs.

The biggest impact may be on power grids. Sodium-ion batteries are low-cost, thermally stable, and long-lasting. Energy density is lower than lithium-ion cells but improving, already enough for small cars, logistics vehicles, and two-wheelers.

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