ℹ️: The aerial war has reached western Ukraine. Here's how Russia can strike targets deep in the country:

1. Drones:
Russia's most notable strike drones are those of the highly versatile "Geran" variety. The Geran-2 has a listed range of 1,500 kilometers, making it the furthest reaching strike drone in Russia's arsenal. Recently, dozens of Geran-4 and Geran-5 drones have begun reaching far-western Ukraine from launch points in Crimea and Bryansk.

2. Cruise Missiles:
The KH-101 (range ~3,500 km) and the Kalibr (range ~2,000 km) are frequently used to target western Ukraine. The 9M729 "Novator" (range ~1,000 km) is also available to the Russian military. The Novator missile is a version of the Iskander-K with an extended range; a Novator missile was reportedly used against Ukraine in 2025. The KH-55 (range ~2,500 km), KH-22 (range ~600 km), and the KH-32 (range ~600-1,000 km) are less-used missiles of the anti-ship variety that can also reach targets west of the Dnieper River.

3. Ballistic Missiles:
The KN-23 and KN-30, both with an estimated range of 600 kilometers, are 2 North Korean missiles Russia reportedly possesses. The KN-23 has demonstrated its range by striking the Ukrainian cities of Kryvyi Rih and Kyiv from Voronezh, but it can also theoretically strike Zhytomyr and beyond. The Kinzhal air-launched missile, which has a base range similar to the Iskander-M, can reach distances of up to 2,000 kilometers if launched from a MiG-31K jet or up to 3,000 kilometers if launched from a Tu-22M3 strategic bomber. The Zircon missile, which flies at hypersonic speeds on a semi-ballistic trajectory, has a range of 1,000 kilometers. Zircon missiles have already reached as far as Vynnytsia. The Oreshnik IRBM (range ~10,000 km) is the most notable missile that can be used against Ukraine. The Oreshnik cannot be intercepted by Ukrainian air defenses, and holds an MIRV warhead with 36 kinetic cluster munitions.

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