第十期：Unusual Instruments of the Past, Present, and Future

概要
这一期介绍一些很有意思的乐器～开篇先分析了一首巴西作曲家Villa-Lobos的Little Train,里面包含了一些巴西特色的打击乐，不过主体还是我们常见的交响乐团里的乐器，说明了usual的乐器也可以产生unusual的声音。接着伯恩斯坦说usual是相对的：我们现在认为usual的乐器在古时候并不是usual的乐器。节目里介绍了很多古乐器，包括了Shawm（oboe的祖先），cornetto（trumpet的祖先）, sackbuts（trombone的祖先），巴赫时代的小提琴，长笛和viola da gamba，而且很有意思的是采用了古今乐器轮换演奏的模式，更直观的感受他们声音上的区别。这里伯恩斯坦说到聆听到过去的声音是直观的感受历史的最佳方式非常认同！接着（也是整个讲座中我个人感觉瞬间deep了的地方😂），伯恩斯坦说现在真正新的乐器是electrical ones，比如我们比较熟知的Theremin（特雷门琴），还有Ondes Martenot等等，但是这中间最重要的其实是tape-recorder～录音带来了成千上万种不同的声音（比如Respighi的Pines of Rome中的鸟鸣声被认为是录音第一次在古典音乐中的使用），还有纯粹的电子的声音，并且人们还可以对声音进行各种处理（比如Glenn Gould对于录音的热情钻研和他的作品《声响学配器》）。我们也知道，录音本身也极大的改变了古典音乐本身，因为现场聆听音乐不再是唯一的方式。节目中还演奏了一首Concerto for Tape-Recorder and Orchestra，很有意思～最后伯恩斯坦话锋一转，说起了kazoo😂并演奏了一首卡祖笛的concerto让我们一睹它的风采🤣🤣🤣（特别魔性，看完很想下单一只lol

喜欢的Quote
Hearing those instruments makes you feel as if you were really living hundreds of years ago.

It gives us such a clear, idea of the difference between olden times and our own times, just by hearing the sounds that were made then and now. That's really the best and most exciting way to know history: not just by studying about dates and battles and who was king of what in which century, but by coming close to the art of history - by looking at the pictures people painted in any certain period of history, or reading the poems they wrote, and hearing the music they heard. Then we can almost put ourselves in their place, and pretend we're living in those long-ago days; then we can really understand history - which is not just a dull subject in school, but an exciting way of knowing about what happened in our world before we were living in it.

I remember that when I was a small kid I had no interest in how the world was before I was in it, and I think that's true of most kids. But suddenly there comes a moment - maybe when you're 11 or 14 or 17 when you suddenly realize that there had been a big and interesting world going on for thousands of years before you were in it from the minute you realize this, and begin to want to know what this world was like, from that minute on, you're on your way to becoming a thinking person, a really educated person.

曲目
1. Villa-Lobos: The Little Train
2. De La Torre - Alta
3. Gabrieli: Canzone for Eight Instruments
4. Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No.4
5. Luening-Ussachevsky - Concerto for Tape-Recorder and Orchestra
6. Bucci - Concerto for a Singing Instrument

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1CT4y177rf

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