第五期：What is Classical Music?
概要
这期的题目有点大，不过最后的答案可能略微有些“投机取巧”（？）首先伯恩斯坦说到，Classical Music这个词通常被用来形容非爵士、流行、民间音乐，而人们使用这个词可能只是因为没有找到更好的别的词来形容（后面他讨论了诸如serious, high-bow, art, symphony, long-hair等选词可能性）。不过抛开选词本身，最重要的还是区分各种音乐的区别。伯恩斯坦认为Classical Music的最大特点是“作曲家意志为大“：作曲家写下音符，什么乐器演奏，怎么演奏等等，而演奏者的任务就是精确还原作曲家的意志。不过和演奏者个性不同，对作曲家意志的理解可能有所不同，也就产生了不同演奏版本的不同，不过他们精确还原作曲家想要的音乐的目的是相同的，而这和流行音乐等音乐不同。接下来，伯恩斯坦又讨论了狭义的Classical Music，即在Classical Period(1700-1800左右)时期的音乐。这个时期的音乐最大特点是有很多的rules和regulation，以求完美（这点上和classcial的建筑、绘画等艺术是一样的）。伯恩斯坦回溯了这段时间的音乐史：前五十年主要是确定发展这些规则的阶段（以Bach为代表），后五十年以莫扎特、海顿为代表，他们认为Bach的很多东西太古板了，于是追求一种稍简单的规则系统，以创造很优雅愉快的音乐作品。虽然风格差距很大，但是他们还是以规则为基础，追求“古典美”。狭义的Classical Music以贝多芬为结束，作为一个承上启下者，伯恩斯坦形容他为"a classicist who went too far"。

片中还有几个讨论个人觉得也很有意思。第一个是狭义Classical Music受到诸多规则的制约，有人可能会问，那情感表达在哪里？伯恩斯坦回答虽然有这些规则的制约，激发人的情感还是这段时期的音乐最重要的部分，也是它们（可能也是所有好音乐）得以流传的原因。第二个是伯恩斯坦用海顿的Symphony No. 102简要的介绍了音乐中的幽默。不过《年轻人的音乐会》系列下一期就是专门讲音乐幽默的，现在就不赘述啦～

喜欢的Quote
People use this word to describe music that isn't jazz or popular songs or folk music, just because there isn't any other word that seems to describe it better.

The real difference is that when a composer writes a piece of what's usually called classical music, he puts down the exact notes that he wants, the exact instruments or voices that he wants to play or sing those notes -even the exact number of instruments or voices; and he also writes down as many directions as he can think of, to tell the players or singers as carefully as he can everything they need to know about how fast or slow it should go, how loud or soft it should be, and millions of other things to help the performers to give an exact performance of those notes he thought up.

Do composers just go to a convention, like the Republicans in Chicago, and decide by voting to change the style of music? Well, not at all; it happens by itself; because as times change, and history changes, people change with it; and composers are people too; so it stands to reason that their music is also going to change.

Because the truth is that any great composer, writing music in any period, classical or not classical, will make you feel deep emotions, because he's great - because he has something to say, because he has something to tell you in his music. And because of this, a great composer's music will always last and last, maybe forever, because people keep on feeling emotions whenever they hear it.

曲目
1. Handel - Water Music
2. Beethoven - Symphony No.5
3. McHugh & Fields - I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby
4. Rimsky-Korsakov - Scheherezade
5. Mozart - Piano Concerto No.21 in C major
6. Bach - Brandenberg Concerto No.4 in G Major
7. Mozart - Overture to The Marriage of Figaro
8. Haydn - Symphony in B flat, No.102
9. Chopin - Fantasy in F minor
10. Schumann - Symphony No.2
11. Beethoven - Egmont Overture

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1JE411V7KA

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