第四期：What makes music symphonic?
概要
这场的问题是“什么让音乐具有交响性？”(What makes music symphonic?)，答案简单的说就是发展(development)。音乐的发展一词对于各位来说想必不陌生，不过个人还是非常喜欢伯恩斯坦的比喻：音乐的发展就和生命的发展一样，如种子发芽开花结果，或是从婴儿长大成人。伯恩斯坦把development分为了三个阶段，先是birth of idea，再是growth，最后是change。虽然不是每首音乐都是具有交响性的 (symphonic)，但是每首音乐都有着development，而最简单的方式就是重复 (repetition)，在很多流行音乐中很常见（这里他给了一个特别损的例子，如果把音乐的development比作说服别人的话，很多流行音乐就是通过一直的重复自己的观点把人说服😅，而复杂的音乐会提供各个方面的论据😂）。Development越精妙，重复和模仿越少，音乐便越具有交响性。接下来伯恩斯坦利用非常多的例子介绍了development常见的方式，包括了变奏（variation），模进（sequences，把旋律在不同的音高重复），模仿（Imitation，也就是卡农和赋格的基础）, 增值（Augmentation，把音符的时值拉长）等等。和上一级一样，伯恩斯坦不仅讲解的非常清晰，各种比喻特别贴切，乐团的demonstration是极大的亮点。这一期的最后详细地分析了勃拉姆斯Symphony No. 2开篇部分的各种development，带我们感受乐句间在紧密联系的同时又幻化出新的风景，着实惊艳。

喜欢的quote
Development is really the main thing in life, just as it is in music; because development means change, growing, blossoming out; and these things are life itself.

Great pieces of music have a lifetime of their own from the beginning to the end of any piece; and in that period all the themes and melodies and musical ideas the composer had, no matter how small they are, grow and develop into full-grown works, just as babies grow into big, grown-up people.

The trick is not just to use all these different ways of developing music, but to use them when it's right to use them, at the moment so that the music always makes sense as musical expression, as feeling, as emotion.

That you'll be able to hear the symphonic wonders of it, the growth of it, the miracle of life that runs like blood through its veins and connects every note to every other note, and makes it the great piece of music that it is.

曲目
1. Mozart Jupiter Symphony
2. Beethoven Symphony No.5
3. Sibelius Symphony No.5
4. Tchaikovsky Symphony No.4
5. 布基上校进行曲
6. Beethoven Symphony No.3 Eroica, last movement, theme and variations
7. Tchaikovsky Romeo and Juliet
8. Gershiwin Rhapsody in Blue
9. Brahms Symphony No.2

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Gt411g7Yv

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