EverythingScience

Our boldest photography project yet!

From Above & Below, a mission to photograph the same subjects from Earth and space with National Geographic photographer, Babak Tafreshi.

BabakTafreshi traveled the world while I orbited around it, and together we created this perspective.

A commonly prescribed antidepressant may also strengthen the body’s defenses against cancer, according to new research from UCLA.

The study, published in Cell, showed that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) improved the cancer-fighting ability of T cells and reduced tumor growth in several types of cancers across both mouse and human tumor models.

“It turns out SSRIs don’t just make our brains happier; they also make our T cells happier — even while they’re fighting tumors,” said Dr. Lili Yang, senior author of the new study and a member of the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA. “These drugs have been widely and safely used to treat depression for decades, so repurposing them for cancer would be a lot easier than developing an entirely new therapy.”

Deep in Earth's past, an icy landscape became a seascape as the ice melted and the oceans rose off what is now the northeastern United States. Nearly 50 years ago, a U.S. government ship searching for minerals and hydrocarbons in the area drilled into the seafloor to see what it could find.

It found, of all things, drops to drink under the briny deeps—fresh water.

This summer, a first-of-its-kind global research expedition followed up on that surprise. Drilling for fresh water under the salt water off Cape Cod, Expedition 501 extracted thousands of samples from what is now thought to be a massive, hidden aquifer stretching from New Jersey as far north as Maine.

It's just one of many depositories of "secret fresh water" known to exist in shallow salt waters around the world that might some day be tapped to slake the planet's intensifying thirst, said Brandon Dugan, the expedition's co-chief scientist.

More postcards from the planets, all taken in the past few weeks by our spacecraft across the solar system:

- A Martian landscape
- The Sun in ultraviolet light
- Layers in the north polar ice cap of Mars
- An extreme close-up of a small impact crater on the Moon

The trial results, published Thursday (Sept. 4) in JAMA, include data from 194 people with moderate to severe anxiety across the U.S. The study compared these participants' responses to different doses of LSD against a placebo treatment. It found that the drug alleviated symptoms in many patients for at least three months after just one exposure.

That said, participants who were given low doses of LSD — either 25 or 50 micrograms — did not see a significant change in their symptoms. The effect kicked in only at higher doses — either 100 or 200 micrograms — and those given 100-microgram doses had the best results.

In fact, 12 weeks out from treatment, about 47% of the people who were given 100 micrograms were in remission, based on a standardized anxiety rating scale. And about 65% of the people in that group saw their scores on the scale fall by at least half. By comparison, only about 20% of the placebo group was in remission at the 12-week mark and about 30% saw their scores halved.

PET plastic is one of the most widely used types of plastic in the world, but when it has served its purpose, it becomes a pressing global environmental issue. This is because it ends up in landfills in many parts of the world, where it breaks down into polluting microplastics that spread to the air, soil and groundwater. A large portion also end up in the oceans.

With the new chemical technology, researchers can transform PET plastic waste that is overlooked by recyclers into a primary resource in a new form of CO2 sorbent they have developed. The process "upcycles" it to a new material the researchers have named BAETA, which can absorb CO2 out of the atmosphere so efficiently that it easily compares with existing carbon capture technologies.

For more than a century, students around the world have been told that pressure and friction make ice melt. The familiar winter slip on a frozen sidewalk is often blamed on body weight pressing through the sole of your (still warm) shoe. New research from Saarland University indicates this view is incomplete, finding that slipperiness stems from interactions between molecular dipoles in the ice and those in the contacting surface, such as a shoe sole, rather than from pressure or friction.

The study by Professor Müser and colleagues Achraf Atila and Sergey Sukhomlinov challenges a model put forward nearly two hundred years ago by the brother of Lord Kelvin, James Thompson, who suggested that pressure and friction, along with temperature, cause ice to melt.

“It turns out that neither pressure nor friction plays a particularly significant part in forming the thin liquid layer on ice,” explains Martin Müser. Instead, computer simulations by the team reveal that molecular dipoles are the key drivers behind the formation of this slippery layer, which so often causes us to lose our footing in winter.

But what exactly is a dipole?

When it comes to escaping predators, the day octopus is all about working smarter, not harder. 🐙

Forty-eight years ago today, Voyager 1 blasted off from Earth, beginning its epic journey through our Solar System and beyond. It’s still out there, over 25 billion kilometers (15 billion miles) from its home planet, hurtling through interstellar space at 61,196 kilometers (38,026 miles) per hour.

To celebrate the anniversary of the spacecraft’s launch, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory has released an archival video (below) of an incredible press conference given in June 1990 following the end of the mission’s planetary explorations.

Ed Stone, the longtime project scientist of NASA’s Voyager mission, shares some wise words, followed by a presentation by the man himself: Carl Sagan. The legendary scientist played a major role in the Voyager mission and was a key member of its imaging team.

The recently shared video shows Sagan unveiling the iconic “Pale Blue Dot” for the first time, a powerful image showing Earth as a tiny, fragile dot hovering in the vast emptiness of space.

“This is where we live – on a blue dot,” Sagan said. “That’s where everyone you know and everyone you have heard of and every human being who ever lived lived out their life. It’s a very small stage in a great cosmic arena. And again, just speaking for myself, I think this perspective underscores our responsibility to preserve and cherish that blue dot, the only home we have.”

Watch footage here

Atlantic ocean currents that respond to climate change are hurtling toward a tipping point that could cause severe impacts before the end of this century, a new study finds.

The currents are those that form the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which loops around the Atlantic Ocean like a giant conveyor belt, bringing heat to the Northern Hemisphere before traveling south again along the seabed. Depending on how much carbon humans emit in the next few decades, the AMOC could reach a tipping point and start to collapse as early as 2055, with dramatic consequences for several regions, researchers found.

This scary prediction, based on a scenario where carbon emissions double between now and 2050, is considered unlikely — but the outcome of a much more likely scenario where emissions hover around current levels for the next 25 years isn't much better, according to the study. Even if we keep global warming this century to 4.8 degrees Fahrenheit (2.7 degrees Celsius) above preindustrial levels — a "middle of the road" scenario, according to the latest U.N. climate report — the AMOC will start to collapse in 2063, the results suggest.

Ordinary matter makes up just 4% of the observable universe. 🤯

What’s the rest made out of? Drop your guesses in the comments, and watch the video to learn the answer!

The full episode, Astro-Investigates: The Big Bang, is out on YouTube now: https://t.co/xsU04m97Ge

Reproduction in the animal world is all kinds of freaky, from penis jousting to mammals laying eggs, there seems to be just about every method going. However, one thing that is not common is females of one species being able to produce offspring of another, but that's exactly what has been discovered in Iberian harvester ants (Messor ibericus).

M. ibericus ant queens have been discovered to produce not only offspring of their own species, but also offspring of a different species due to a reproductive mode scientists are calling xenoparous. 

It's “almost impossible to believe and pushes our understanding of evolutionary biology,” Michael Goodisman, from the School of Biological Sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology, who was not involved with the new research, told Science. “Just when you think you’ve seen it all, social insects reveal another surprise.”

SpaceX’s Dragon cargo spacecraft successfully finished a test reboost of the International Space Station (ISS) on Wednesday (Sept. 3), according to NASA. The freighter fired two of its Draco engines for 5 minutes and 3 seconds during the maneuver, agency officials wrote in a Wednesday statement.

The ISS orbits roughly 250 miles (400 kilometers) above Earth on average but naturally falls back to our planet due to atmospheric drag. (There isn't much atmosphere up that high, but the few stray molecules make a difference over time.) Visiting cargo spacecraft therefore take on the job of lifting the orbiting complex higher every few months.

It's no secret that excessive alcohol consumption damages the liver, but a new study reveals a previously unknown vicious cycle that makes that damage worse. Chronic alcohol use makes it easier for bacteria to leak out of the gut and migrate to the liver, causing further harm.

The new study, led by scientists at the University of California San Diego, examined human liver biopsies as well as mouse models of alcohol-associated liver disease. The team found that chronic alcohol use impaired the production of a cellular signaling protein called mAChR4 in the small intestine.

Lower levels of this protein were found to interfere with the formation of what are called goblet cell-associated antigen passages (GAPs). These specialized structures play a key role in teaching the immune system to respond to microbes, particularly those that escape the gut into other parts of the body, where they don't belong.

From the mighty blue whale to the humble baker's yeast, scientists have barely begun to understand the vast genetic diversity among lifeforms. Of the 1.67 million known species of animal, plant, fungi and protists, just 1% have been genetically sequenced. By 2035, this figure could reach 100%.

As explained in a paper published in Frontiers in Science, this is the new ambition of the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP)—a global network of scientists sequencing the genomes of Earth's eukaryotes. Its goal? To create a digital library of DNA sequences that will help us preserve and protect life on Earth and tackle rapid environmental change.

With a growing network of more than 2,200 scientists in 88 countries—including flourishing local and Indigenous research communities in the Global South—EBP is making discoveries that could help assure food security, advance medicine and agriculture, and drive a deeper global understanding of biodiversity to support conservation and pandemic prevention.

The extremely hot, dry and windy conditions, which fueled one of the Iberian Peninsula's most destructive wildfire seasons in recorded history, were 40 times more likely due to climate change, according to a study released Thursday.

The analysis by World Weather Attribution, or WWA, said the weather conditions were about 30% more intense compared to the preindustrial era, when heavy reliance on fossil fuels began.