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@cytology

آموزش رایگان ژنتیک مولکولی و سلولی

تعرفه ی تبلیغات👇👇

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Post #4908 8.09K

Forwarded from Biochemistry (Parto)

☑️Clonal Selection Theory

🔅is a scientific theory in immunology that explains the functions of cells of the immune system (lymphocytes) in response to specific antigens invading the body

🔅The theory states that in a pre-existing group of lymphocytes (specifically B cells), a specific antigen activates only its counter-specific cell, which then induces that particular cell to multiply, producing identical clones for antibody production. This activation occurs in secondary lymphoid organs such as the spleen and the lymph nodes. In short, the theory is an explanation of the mechanism for the generation of diversity of antibody specificity.
🔅The animation shows how clonal selection works during a bacterial infection of the throat.

#Clonal_Selection_Theory
#WEHImovies

@cytology
@medterms
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@essential_biochemistry
Post #4905 6.88K

Forwarded from Biochemistry (Parto)

☑️Epigenetics_ X inactivation:
🔅X inactivation is a vital process that occurs in all DNA-containing cells of the female body.X inactivation is a type of gene dosage compensation.
🔅Because females receive two X chromosomes, they inherit two copies of many of the genes that are needed for normal function. Extra copies of genes or chromosomes can affect normal development. An example is Down's syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of part or all of chromosome 21.

🔅In female mammals, a process called X inactivation has evolved to compensate for the extra X chromosome. In X inactivation, each cell 'switches off' one of its X chromosomes, chosen at random, to ensure the correct number of genes are expressed, and to prevent abnormal development
#WEHImovies
#X_inactivation

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@medterms
@IranBiologists
@essential_biochemistry
Post #4891 3.08K

Forwarded from Biochemistry (Parto)

☑️Apoptosis and venetoclax
🔅Ventoclax is a cancer drug that interferes with the survival of tumor cells in the body and resistance to chemotherapy and is used to treat acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphoid leukemia.

♦️The mechanism of action:
BCL-2 is a receptor that binds to proapoptotic proteins and prevents cellular apoptosis
Ventoclax has a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells that overexpress BCL-2. The drug is selectively BCL-2, an anti-apoptotic protein (cell death), and is more common in chronic lymphoid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia cells. Inhibits overexpression, BCL-2. It mediates tumor cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy
Ventoclax binds directly to BCL-2, replacing proapoptotic proteins and reversing the apoptotic process
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