Who left Paleozoic “dumbbells”?

All over the world, scientists find dumbbell-shaped fossils in rock outcrops that are called Bifungites and are not fossilized animals but burrows left in an extinct creature’s wake. ⬆️ Most are found in rocks from the Paleozoic era more than 300 million years ago.

🪱 Not long ago, Brazilian paleontologists, exploring the bed of the Sambito River in northeastern Brazil, found imprints of small worms inside Bifungites, indicating that these organisms produced them.⬆️

Researchers suggest that:
📌 the marine worms that made Bifungites belonged to a group called Annulitubus
📌 species in the group lived in the shallow part of the ocean near the shores of prehistoric supercontinents and dug burrows into the seabed.
📌 the Annulitubus worms made these burrows to protect themselves against savage storms or probing predators
📌 the worms potentially wedged themselves into the peculiar bulging or arrow-like ends of the chamber.

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