How many phase changes of matter are there?

📌 A phase change or phase transition is a change between solid, liquid, gaseous, and sometimes plasma states of matter.

📌 The main factors that cause phase changes are changes in temperature and pressure. At the phase transition the two states of matter have identical free energies and are equally likely to exist.

❗️ There are 8️⃣ phase changes between solids, liquids, gases, and plasma.
Melting (Solid→Liquid)
Freezing (Liquid→Solid)
Vaporization or Evaporation (Liquid→Gas)
Condensation (Gas→Liquid)
Deposition (Gas→Solid)
Sublimation (Solid→Gas)
Ionization (Gas→Plasma)
Deionization or Recombination (Plasma→Gas)

✍️
A solid can melt into liquid or sublimate into gas.
A liquid can freeze into a solid or vaporize into a gas.
A gas can deposit into a solid, condense into a liquid, or ionize into plasma.
Plasma can deionize or recombine to form a gas.

ℹ️ There are additional phase changes in condensed matter physics or metallurgy.

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