What was the most spectacular vacuum experiment?

📍 The most spectacular vacuum experiment was performed by a German scientist Otto von Guericke (1602-1686), the inventor of the air pump. In 1654, he evacuated the air from inside a pair of joined metal hemispheres and attached a group of horses to each end. The external air pressure that acted on the hemispheres was so strong that even 30 animals could not pull them apart ⬆️.

📍 The first artificial vacuum was produced in 1643 by an Italian physicist and mathematician Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647), a pupil of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). Torricelli used the vacuum in his invention of the mercury barometer. He filled a glass tube (with one end sealed off) with mercury and then immersed it in a basin of the liquid metal. An empty space formed at the upper end of the tube, the size of which varied depending on the air pressure, which led Torricelli to assume that it has to be a void.

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