How stimulants and chemicals—both synthetic and naturally derived, like caffeine and cannabis—affect the brain.

In 1948, Swiss pharmacologist Peter Witt conducted a fascinating study on how drugs influence spider behavior. In a series of experiments, he exposed spiders to various substances—either by feeding them drugged flies or giving them small doses of drugs dissolved in water. To observe the effects, he photographed their webs before and after exposure. The striking results are shown above.

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