1. Difference between ID and Class selectors in CSS?
โฆ ID selectors (
#id) are unique per page and used to style a single element.โฆ Class selectors (
.class) can be applied to multiple elements. IDs have higher specificity than classes in CSS.2. Difference between undefined and null in JavaScript?
โฆ
undefined means a variable has been declared but not assigned a value.โฆ
null is an assigned value representing "no value" or "empty."3. Differences between HTML and XHTML?
โฆ XHTML is HTML defined as an XML application, requiring stricter syntax (like closing all tags and lowercase elements).
โฆ HTML is more lenient in syntax and widely supported.
4. Responsive design vs Adaptive design โ explain.
โฆ Responsive design uses fluid grids and CSS media queries to dynamically adjust layouts across all screen sizes.
โฆ Adaptive design uses fixed layouts for specific screen sizes, detecting device type and loading the closest layout.
5. What is progressive rendering in HTML?
Loading and displaying page content incrementally as it downloads, so users can interact sooner without waiting for the full page to load.
6. Difference between span and div tags?
โฆ
div is a block-level container used for layout and grouping elements.โฆ
span is inline, used for styling parts of text or small groups within a line.7. How do quirks mode, full standards mode, and almost standards mode differ?
โฆ Quirks mode renders pages like old browsers with non-standard behavior.
โฆ Full standards mode follows modern web standards strictly.
โฆ Almost standards mode is mostly standards-compliant but allows legacy quirks in image handling.
8. Differences between ES5 and ES6 JavaScript?
ES6 (ES2015) introduced many features beyond ES5, including
let/const, arrow functions, classes, template literals, promises, modules, and destructuring, enabling cleaner and more powerful code.9. How do you organize your assets and JavaScript code?
Organize by feature or module, separating CSS, JS, images in structured folders. Use bundlers like Webpack to manage dependencies and minify code, and follow naming conventions for clarity.
10. How do you explain APIs to non-technical stakeholders?
APIs are like a waiter at a restaurant: they take your request (order), tell the kitchen (server or system), and bring back the response (your food). They enable different software to talk and share information easily.
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