🧬📚🏺📜 Steppe Archive

Medieval Turkic Period Samples Y-DNA (N=137)

The Khazars, Bulgars, Gokturks, Onoks, Toquzoghuzs, Karluks, Karakhanids, Kipchaks, Cumans, Kimeks, Pechenegs, Uzes, Nogais, Volga Bulgars, Qocho Uyghurs, Yenisei Kyrgyz, Xionites and possible Tiele, Tujue, Kaoche, Sir Tardush samples are included in this chart.

Facial reconstruction of a 1,650-year-old Late Sarmatian woman from Abganerovo, Volga region

Credit: Ancestral Whispers

🧬 Neolithic qpAdm model for Turkmens Turkmen.SG (2 samples)

18.5% Yellow River Neolithic Farmer
16.7% Anatolian Neolithic Farmer
14.9% Iranian Neolithic Farmer
13.4% Eastern Hunter Gatherer
12.9% Caucasian Hunter Gatherer
12.3% CisBaikal_LNBA
11.2% Amur River Hunter Gatherer

Y-DNA haplogroup: N/A
mtDNA haplogroup: N/A

Publication: The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia
Sample IDs: Turkmens1.SG, Turkmens2.SG
Group ID: Turkmen.SG
Date: Modern
Location: Turkmenistan

🧬 Neolithic qpAdm model for Uzbeks Uzbek.SG (3 samples)

21.5% Yellow River Neolithic Farmer
17.4% Anatolian Neolithic Farmer
13.1% CisBaikal_LNBA
12.4% Amur River Hunter Gatherer
12.2% Eastern Hunter Gatherer
11.2% Iranian Neolithic Farmer
8.3% Caucasian Hunter Gatherer
3.9% Ancient Ancestral South Indian

Y-DNA haplogroup: N/A
mtDNA haplogroup: N/A

Publication: The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia
Sample IDs: Uzbeks1.SG, Uzbeks2.SG, Uzbeks3.SG
Group ID: Uzbek.SG
Date: Present
Location: Uzbekistan

Facial reconstruction of a Kipchak-Kimak women from eastern Kazakhstan

A 1,100-year-old woman from a kurgan burial in Pavlodar, eastern Kazakhstan, dating to the 10th century CE. It is well documented that the shores of the Irtysh River were inhabited by the Kimak (Yemek) Turks during this period.

Credit: Ancestral Whispers

Medieval Turkic Samples Y-DNA (N=57)

The Khazars, Bulgars, Gokturks, Onoks, Toquzoghuzs, Karluks, Karakhanids, Kipchaks, Cumans, Kimeks, Pechenegs, and Uzes are included in this chart. The Nogais, Volga Bulgars, Qocho Uyghurs, Yenisei Kyrgyz, Xionites, and possible Tiele-Tujue-Kaoche-Sir Tardush samples are not included in the data. A chart including these and other samples not included in this one will be shared later.

The distribution of Y-DNA according to cultures in the samples in the recently published article "Ancient human genomes from the Altai region reveal population continuity and shifts in the 4th-12th centuries"

🧬 Neolithic qpAdm model for Medieval Cuman-Kipchak UKR027

31.5% Anatolian Neolithic Farmer
18.3% CisBaikal_LNBA
17.7% Yellow River Neolithic Farmer
16.5% Eastern Hunter Gatherer
10.8% Caucasian Hunter Gathere
5.2% Iranian Neolithic Farmer

Y-DNA haplogroup:
TheYTree: N1a-PH1896
FTDNA: N1a-PH1896
YFull: N1a-PH1896

mtDNA haplogroup:
TheYTree: H5a1
FTDNA: H5a1ap
YFull: H5a1ap

Publication: Mobility in Ukraine from the Bronze Age to the early modern period
Sample ID: UKR027
Group ID: UkrMA_Cuman
Date: 1100-1200 CE
Location: Velyka Znamianka village, Vasylivsky District, Zaporizhzhia Region, Ukraine

🧬 Neolithic qpAdm model for Medieval Cuman-Kipchak UKR056

23.4% Amur River Hunter Gatherer
17.1% Yellow River Neolithic Farmer
15.3% Eastern Hunter Gatherer
13.4% CisBaikal_LNBA
11.3% Anatolian Neolithic Farmer
10.8% Iranian Neolithic Farmer
8.7% Caucasian Hunter Gathere

Y-DNA haplogroup: N/A (Female)

mtDNA haplogroup:
YFull: R30e1a
FTDNA: B5b2a2c

Publication: Mobility in Ukraine from the Bronze Age to the early modern period
Sample ID: UKR056
Group ID: UkrMA_Cuman_2
Date: 991–1149 CE
Location: Kumy village, Krasnograd District, Kharkiv Region, Ukraine

🧬 Neolithic qpAdm model for Medieval Kipchak DA23

22.8% Amur River Hunter Gatherer
19.3% Yellow River Neolithic Farmer
17.9% Eastern Hunter Gatherer
16.0% CisBaikal_LNBA
11.6% Anatolian Neolithic Farmer
6.4% Iranian Neolithic Farmer
6.1% Caucasian Hunter Gatherer

Y-DNA haplogroup:
TheYTree: C2a-ZQ352
FTDNA: C2a-F13522
YFull: C2a-F11987

mtDNA haplogroup:
TheYTree: F1b1b
FTDNA: F1b1b1
YFull: F1b1b1

Publication: DamgaardNature2018
Sample ID: DA23
Group ID: Kazakhstan_Kipchak2.SG
Date: 1036-1206 CE
Location: Lisakovsk-1 (Kostanay Region, Beimbet Mylin district), Kazakhstan

Subclades of haplogroup G2a1 among the Karachay-Balkar people

Credit: Karachay-Balkar History, Culture and DNA

Arzhan-2 Scythian King and Queen Facial Reconstruction

Credit: AntromorphLab

📜 Ertuğrul’un babasının adı Gündüz Alp mi? yoksa Gök Göz Musa el-Türkmânî mi?

Bedrüddin el-ʿAynî (1361–1451) yazma eserinde Osmanlılar hakkında bazı bilgiler geçiyor, ve bunu kendim Arapçadan Türkçeye çevirdim

Kaynak: Bedrüddin el-ʿAynî (1361–1451), İkdü’l-Cumān fī Tārīḫi Ehli’z-Zamān, yazma eser