Facial reconstruction of a 2,400-year-old Scythian from Serbki kurgan, Odesa region, Ukraine

The Scythians, also known as the Saka, were an Iranic-speaking people who originated in the regions of Minusinsk, the Altai, Tuva, Mongolia, and Xinjiang. Their westward migration is linked to the broader development of steppe nomadic cultures.
In the Pontic-Caspian steppe, the Chernogorovka horizon (10th-8th c. BC) is considered the earliest “pre-Scythian” stage, followed by the Novocherkassk phase (8th-7th c. BC), after which the Classical Scythian culture appears. Their migration and settlement in the West led to admixture with various local populations, depending on their location and time period, including the late Srubnaya, Kobanians, para-Balto-Slavs, Greeks, Thracians, and others.

Georgy Debets describes the Kherson (Kherson Governorate) Scythian skulls as showing significant morphological diversit...

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