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SQL Date & Time Functions ✅

🧠 1. Why Date Functions Matter?

Almost every real-world database contains dates 👇

✔ Orders

✔ Employee joining dates

✔ Transactions

✔ Login activity

SQL date functions help analyze time-based data 💯

⚡ 2. Common Date Functions

Function : Purpose

NOW() : Current date & time

CURDATE() : Current date

CURTIME() : Current time

YEAR() : Extract year

MONTH() : Extract month

DAY() : Extract day

DATEDIFF() : Difference between dates

DATE_FORMAT() : Format dates

🔥 3. NOW(), CURDATE(), CURTIME()

SELECT NOW();

✔ Current date + time

SELECT CURDATE();

✔ Current date only

SELECT CURTIME();

✔ Current time only

🔥 4. YEAR(), MONTH(), DAY()

SELECT YEAR(joining_date)

FROM employees;

SELECT MONTH(joining_date)

FROM employees;

SELECT DAY(joining_date)

FROM employees;

🔥 5. DATEDIFF()

👉 Find difference between dates

SELECT DATEDIFF('2026-06-10', '2026-06-01');

✔ Result → 9 days

🔥 6. DATE_FORMAT()

👉 Format dates professionally

SELECT DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%d-%m-%Y');

✔ Example Output → 06-06-2026

🎯 7. Real Example

👉 Employees joined in 2025

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE YEAR(joining_date) = 2025;

🎯 8. Practice Tasks

1. Show current date

2. Show current time

3. Extract joining year from employee table

4. Find employees joined in specific month

5. Calculate days between two dates

⚡ Mini Challenge 🔥

👉 Find employees who joined in the last 30 days

✅ Solution Using DATEDIFF()

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE DATEDIFF(CURDATE(), joining_date) <= 30;

✅ Alternative Solution Using DATE_SUB()

SELECT *

FROM employees

WHERE joining_date >= DATE_SUB(CURDATE(), INTERVAL 30 DAY);

🔥 Pro Tip

Date functions are heavily used in:

👉 Sales reports

👉 Monthly dashboards

👉 Retention analysis

👉 Time-series analytics 💯

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