✅ Data Engineering Acronyms You Should Know ⚙️📊

ETL → Extract, Transform, Load
ELT → Extract, Load, Transform
DWH → Data Warehouse
DL → Data Lake
ODS → Operational Data Store
CDC → Change Data Capture
SCD → Slowly Changing Dimension
MDM → Master Data Management

HDFS → Hadoop Distributed File System
YARN → Yet Another Resource Negotiator
MapReduce → Distributed Data Processing Model
Spark → Apache Spark (in-memory processing)
Kafka → Apache Kafka (event streaming)
Airflow → Apache Airflow (workflow orchestration)

SQL → Structured Query Language
NoSQL → Not Only SQL
RDBMS → Relational Database Management System

Parquet → Columnar Storage Format
Avro → Row-based Serialization Format
ORC → Optimized Row Columnar

Batch → Bulk Data Processing
Stream → Real-time Data Processing
Lambda → Batch + Stream Architecture
Kappa → Stream-only Architecture

SLA → Service Level Agreement
SLO → Service Level Objective
SRE → Site Reliability Engineering


Interviewers often ask ETL vs ELT, Batch vs Streaming, and Lake vs Warehouse — be ready with real-world examples.

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