Efficient C++ Programming for Modern 64-bit CPUs, Chapter 4/part 2

Here comes the 2nd installment of (VERY DRAFT) Chapters from my (and Dmytro Ivanchykhin's) upcoming book, "Efficient C++ Programming for Modern 64-bit CPUs". Comments are extremely welcome (as before, we're committed to fixing all the issues highlighted in comments).

Second part of Chapter 4 (the one on CPU Physics and CPU Cycles): https://6it.dev/blog/infographics-operation-costs-in-cpu-clock-cycles-take-2-80736 . In addition to some interesting data (in particular, micro-research on the progress of MUL/DIV ops since 2017), it has that visualization of the different times quite a few ppl here have asked for.

DISCLAIMERS:

\- it is VERY DRAFT (editing is coming)

\- this is not a book on optimizations (though some techniques will be covered in Appendices A and B in Vol. 2) - this is a book on de-pessimizations; for optimizations - please refer to the excellent book by Denis Bakhvalov (though we're sure that de-pessimizations should be seen as a prerequisite for optimizations 😉).

https://redd.it/1u9yi15
@r_cpp