Python Projects & Free Books

def first_duplicate(lst):
    seen = set()
    for x in lst:
        if x in seen:
            return x
        seen.add(x)
    return None

print(first_duplicate([3, 1, 3, 4, 2]))  # Output: 3

def is_pal_num(n):
    return str(n) == str(n)[::-1]

print(is_pal_num(121))  # True  
print(is_pal_num(123))  # False

def sort_by_value(d):
    return dict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]))

print(sort_by_value({'a': 3, 'b': 1, 'c': 2}))  
Output: {'b': 1, 'c': 2, 'a': 3}

def primes_upto(n):
    primes = []
    for num in range(2, n + 1):
        for i in range(2, int(num**0.5) + 1):
            if num % i == 0:
                break
        else:
            primes.append(num)
    return primes

print(primes_upto(10))  # [2, 3, 5, 7]

def list_to_string(lst):
    return "".join(map(str, lst))

print(list_to_string([1, 2, 3]))  # Output: 123

import requests

# API endpoint
url = "https://api.example.com/data"

# Parameters including the API key for authentication
params = {
    "api_key": "YOUR_API_KEY"  # Replace with your actual API key
}

# Send GET request with parameters
response = requests.get(url, params=params)

# Convert JSON response to Python object
data = response.json()

# Print the data
print(data)

# article_text — this is where we put the text of the article
with open("article.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    article_text = f.read()

# for PDF, you can extract the text in advance with any library (PyPDF2, pdfplumber, etc.)

prompt = (
    "You are an exam methodologist."
    "Based on this text, create 15 test questions."
    "Each question is in the format:\n"
    "1) Question text\n"
    "A. Option 1\n"
    "B. Option 2\n"
    "C. Option 3\n"
    "D. Option 4\n"
    "Correct answer: <letter>."
    "Do not add explanations and comments, only questions, options, and correct answers."
)
response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="gpt-4o",
    messages=[
        {"role": "system", "content": prompt},
        {"role": "user", "content": article_text}
    ])
print(response.choices[0].message.content.strip())