1. Variable: A symbolic name that is a reference or pointer to an object. When you create a variable, you allocate some memory for its value.
2. Data Type: A classification that specifies which type of value a variable can hold and what operations can be performed on it (e.g.,
int, float, str, bool, list, dict).3. Function: A block of organized, reusable code that is used to perform a single, related action. Functions provide better modularity for your application and a high degree of code reusing.
4. Method: A function that is associated with an object or a class. It operates on the data (attributes) of that object.
5. Class: A blueprint for creating objects. It defines a set of attributes (data) and methods (functions) that characterize any object created from it.
6. Object: An instance of a class. It is a collection of data (attributes) and functions (methods) that operate on that data.
7. Module: A file containing Python definitions and statements. The file name is the module name with the suffix
.py appended. Modules allow you to logically organize your Python code.8. Package: A Python module can be grouped into a package. A package is a directory of Python modules containing an
__init__.py file (which can be empty). Packages allow for a hierarchical structuring of the module namespace.9. Interpreter: The program that reads and executes Python code. Python code is not compiled to machine code directly; it is compiled to bytecode, which is then interpreted.
10. Syntax: The set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured programs in a particular language.
11. Indentation: Python uses whitespace (spaces or tabs) to define code blocks (e.g., inside loops, functions, or conditional statements) rather than braces like in many other languages.
12. List: An ordered, mutable (changeable) collection of items. Items can be of different data types.
13. Tuple: An ordered, immutable (unchangeable) collection of items. Like lists, tuples can contain items of different data types.
14. Dictionary: An unordered collection of key-value pairs. Keys must be unique and immutable (e.g., strings, numbers, tuples), while values can be of any data type.
15. String: An immutable sequence of characters, used to represent text data.
16. Loop: A control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly. Common loops are
for and while.17. Conditional Statement: Statements that perform different computations or actions depending on whether a programmer-specified boolean condition evaluates to true or false. Common are
if, elif, else.18. Exception Handling: A mechanism to handle runtime errors or unexpected events gracefully, preventing the program from crashing. Uses
try, except, finally blocks.19. Library/Framework: A collection of pre-written code (functions, classes) that developers can use to perform common tasks without writing the code from scratch. Examples: NumPy, Pandas, Django, Flask.
20. IDE (Integrated Development Environment): A software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. It typically includes a code editor, debugger, and build automation tools. Examples: VS Code, PyCharm.