🔄 Control Flow Concepts You Should Know 💻

Control flow defines how a program executes based on conditions and repetition across different programming languages.

1️⃣ Conditional Statements (if / else)

Used to make decisions.

Python

age = 20
if age >= 18:
    print("Eligible")
else:
    print("Not Eligible")

JavaScript

let age = 20;
if (age >= 18) {
    console.log("Eligible");
} else {
    console.log("Not Eligible");
}

Java

int age = 20;
if (age >= 18) {
    System.out.println("Eligible");
} else {
    System.out.println("Not Eligible");
}

👉 Same concept, different syntax.

2️⃣ Multiple Conditions (if-elif / else if)

Python

marks = 75
if marks >= 90:
    print("A")
elif marks >= 60:
    print("B")
else:
    print("C")

JavaScript / Java

if (marks >= 90) {
    console.log("A");
} else if (marks >= 60) {
    console.log("B");
} else {
    console.log("C");
}

3️⃣ Loops

🔹 For Loop (fixed iterations)

Python

for i in range(1, 6):
    print(i)

JavaScript

for (let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    console.log(i);
}

Java

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    System.out.println(i);
}

👉 Output: 1 to 5
👉 Used when number of iterations is fixed.

🔹 While Loop (condition-based)

Python

i = 1
while i <= 5:
    print(i)
    i += 1

JavaScript / Java

let i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
    console.log(i);
    i++;
}

👉 Runs until condition becomes false.

4️⃣ Break Statement

Stops loop immediately.

Python

for i in range(1, 6):
    if i == 3:
        break
    print(i)

JavaScript / Java

for (let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    if (i == 3) break;
    console.log(i);
}

👉 Output: 1, 2
👉 Loop stops when condition is met.

5️⃣ Continue Statement

Used to skip the current iteration and continue the loop.

Python

for i in range(1, 6):
    if i == 3:
        continue
    print(i)

JavaScript / Java

for (let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    if (i == 3) continue;
    console.log(i);
}

👉 Output: 1, 2, 4, 5
👉 Skips 3.

6️⃣ Switch Case

Used for multiple conditions.

JavaScript

let day = 2;
switch(day) {
    case 1: console.log("Monday"); break;
    case 2: console.log("Tuesday"); break;
    default: console.log("Other day");
}

Java

int day = 2;
switch(day) {
    case 1: System.out.println("Monday"); break;
    case 2: System.out.println("Tuesday"); break;
    default: System.out.println("Other day");
}

👉 Python uses if-elif instead.

⭐ Key Insight (Important for Interviews)

• Logic is same across all languages
• Only syntax changes
• Interviewers focus on: how you think not which language you use

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