🚀 Coding Interview Questions with Answers (Part 18)

1️⃣7️⃣1️⃣ What is Virtual Memory?

Answer:

Virtual Memory is a memory management technique that allows the operating system to use a portion of the hard disk or SSD as an extension of RAM.

Advantages:

✅ Enables running programs larger than the available RAM

✅ Improves multitasking

✅ Prevents applications from running out of memory

Disadvantage:

❌ Accessing virtual memory is slower than accessing RAM

1️⃣7️⃣2️⃣ What is Paging?

Answer:

Paging is a memory management technique that divides physical memory and virtual memory into fixed-size blocks called pages and frames.

Benefits:

✅ Eliminates external fragmentation

✅ Simplifies memory allocation

✅ Improves memory utilization

1️⃣7️⃣3️⃣ What is Caching?

Answer:

Caching is the process of storing frequently accessed data in a high-speed storage area (cache) so it can be retrieved more quickly.

Applications: CPU Cache, Browser Cache, Database Cache, CDN Cache

Benefits:

✅ Faster response time

✅ Reduced server load

✅ Improved application performance

1️⃣7️⃣4️⃣ What is Load Balancing?

Answer:

Load Balancing is the process of distributing incoming network traffic across multiple servers to ensure no single server becomes overloaded.

Benefits:

✅ High availability

✅ Better performance

✅ Fault tolerance

✅ Scalability

Common Algorithms: Round Robin, Least Connections, IP Hash

1️⃣7️⃣5️⃣ What is Client-Server Architecture?

Answer:

Client-Server Architecture is a computing model where clients send requests to a server, and the server processes those requests and returns the appropriate response.

Examples: Web Browsers, Web Servers, Mobile Apps communicating with APIs

Advantages:

✅ Centralized data management

✅ Easy maintenance

✅ Scalable architecture

1️⃣7️⃣6️⃣ What is REST API?

Answer:

REST (Representational State Transfer) API is an architectural style for building web services that communicate over HTTP.

Common HTTP Methods:

GET – Retrieve data

POST – Create data

PUT – Update an entire resource

PATCH – Update part of a resource

DELETE – Remove data

Advantages:

✅ Stateless

✅ Scalable

✅ Easy to integrate

✅ Platform-independent

1️⃣7️⃣7️⃣ What is HTTP?

Answer:

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the standard protocol used for communication between web browsers and web servers.

Characteristics:

✅ Stateless protocol

✅ Uses a request-response model

✅ Transfers web pages, images, videos, and other resources

Common Methods: GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE

1️⃣7️⃣8️⃣ What is HTTPS?

Answer:

HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is the secure version of HTTP. It encrypts communication between the client and the server using SSL/TLS.

Benefits:

✅ Encrypts sensitive data

✅ Prevents data tampering

✅ Protects against man-in-the-middle attacks

✅ Improves user trust and website security