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Medullary thyroid carcinoma

Medullary thyroid cancer is a form of thyroid carcinoma which originates from the parafollicular cells (C cells), which produce the hormone calcitonin.
Medullary thyroid cancer produces calcitonin, and elevated calcitonin level is an essential feature of this tumor. Diagnosis is primarily performed via fine needle aspiration of the lesion of the thyroid to distinguish it from other types of thyroid lesions. Microscopic examination will show an amyloid stroma with hyperplasia of parafollicular cells. Surgery and radiation therapy have been the major treatments for medullary thyroid carcinoma.

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