At Carrhae in 53 BC, the Parthian army under Surena defeated Roman general Crassus, who was killed in the campaign—demonstrating that numerical and reputational superiority alone does not decide wars.
In 260 AD, Sasanian Emperor Shapur I defeated Valerian's army and captured the emperor, a rare event in Roman history that shifted the eastern balance of power.
The piece argues both battles share one lesson: military power alone does not guarantee victory, and understanding the battlefield, command, and tactics can change the course of a confrontation.
It notes the IRGC spokesperson's message invokes these chapters to remind readers that no power is invincible, and outcomes must be assessed on the ground and based on reality.
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