JavaScript

const compose = (...fns) => x => fns.reduceRight((acc, fn) => fn(acc), x);
const pipe = (...fns) => x => fns.reduce((acc, fn) => fn(acc), x);

const double = x => x * 2;
const addTen = x => x + 10;
const square = x => x ** 2;
const negate = x => -x;

const transform1 = compose(negate, square, addTen, double);
const transform2 = pipe(negate, square, addTen, double);

console.log(transform1(3));
console.log(transform2(3));

const handler = {
  get(target, prop, receiver) {
    if (prop in target) {
      return Reflect.get(target, prop, receiver) * 2;
    }
    return Reflect.get(target, prop, receiver);
  },
  set(target, prop, value, receiver) {
    if (typeof value !== "number") return false;
    return Reflect.set(target, prop, value * 3, receiver);
  },
  has(target, prop) {
    return prop.startsWith("x") && Reflect.has(target, prop);
  },
};

const obj = new Proxy({ x1: 10, y1: 20 }, handler);
obj.x2 = 15;
obj.y2 = 40;

console.log(obj.x1);
console.log(obj.x2);
console.log("x1" in obj);
console.log("y1" in obj);
console.log(obj.y2);

const tag = (strings, ...values) => {
  return strings.reduce((result, str, i) => {
    const val = values[i - 1];
    const transformed =
      typeof val === "number" ? `[${val ** 2}]` : `{${val?.toUpperCase()}}`;
    return result + transformed + str;
  });
};

const name = "nova";
const level = 3;
const score = 97;

const output = tag`Player: ${name} | Level: ${level} | Score: ${score}`;
console.log(output);

class Session {
  #id;
  constructor(id) {
    this.#id = id;
  }
  getId() {
    return this.#id;
  }
}

const activeSessions = new WeakSet();

const s1 = new Session("alpha");
const s2 = new Session("beta");
let s3 = new Session("gamma");

activeSessions.add(s1);
activeSessions.add(s2);
activeSessions.add(s3);

console.log(activeSessions.has(s1));
console.log(activeSessions.has(s3));

activeSessions.delete(s2);
console.log(activeSessions.has(s2));

try {
  activeSessions.add("invalid");
} catch (e) {
  console.log(e instanceof TypeError);
}

console.log(activeSessions.has(s1));

const data = [
  { name: "Zara", score: 88 },
  { name: "Liam", score: 95 },
  { name: "Maya", score: 88 },
  { name: "Omar", score: 72 },
  { name: "Nina", score: 95 },
];

const sorted = [...data].sort((a, b) =>
  b.score !== a.score
    ? b.score - a.score
    : a.name.localeCompare(b.name)
);

console.log(sorted.map(p => `${p.name}:${p.score}`).join(", "));

const company = {
  name: "TechCorp",
  ceo: {
    name: "Morgan",
    address: {
      city: "Berlin"
    }
  },
  getRevenue: () => 5_000_000
};

const cfoCity    = company?.cfo?.address?.city ?? "Unknown";
const ceoCity    = company?.ceo?.address?.city ?? "Unknown";
const ceoCountry = company?.ceo?.address?.country ?? "N/A";
const revenue    = company?.getRevenue?.() ?? 0;
const employees  = company?.getEmployees?.() ?? "No data";

console.log(cfoCity, ceoCity, ceoCountry, revenue, employees);

const compose = (...fns) => x => fns.reduceRight((acc, fn) => fn(acc), x);
const pipe = (...fns) => x => fns.reduce((acc, fn) => fn(acc), x);

const double = x => x * 2;
const addTen = x => x + 10;
const square = x => x ** 2;
const negate = x => -x;

const composed = compose(negate, square, addTen, double);
const piped = pipe(negate, square, addTen, double);

const val = 3;

console.log(composed(val)); // compose: right-to-left
console.log(piped(val));    // pipe: left-to-right

class Vehicle {
  #speed = 0;

  constructor(type, maxSpeed) {
    this.type = type;
    this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
  }

  accelerate(amount) {
    this.#speed = Math.min(this.#speed + amount, this.maxSpeed);
    return this;
  }

  getStatus() {
    return `${this.type} going ${this.#speed}/${this.maxSpeed} km/h`;
  }
}

class ElectricVehicle extends Vehicle {
  #battery;

  constructor(type, maxSpeed, battery) {
    super(type, maxSpeed);
    this.#battery = battery;
  }

  accelerate(amount) {
    this.#battery -= amount * 0.5;
    return super.accelerate(amount);
  }

  getStatus() {
    return `${super.getStatus()} | Battery: ${this.#battery}%`;
  }
}

const ev = new ElectricVehicle("Tesla", 250, 100);
ev.accelerate(80).accelerate(200);
console.log(ev.getStatus());
console.log(ev instanceof Vehicle);
console.log(ev.constructor === ElectricVehicle);