JavaScript

function Vehicle(wheels) {
  this.wheels = wheels;
}

Vehicle.prototype.getWheels = function() {
  return this.wheels;
};

function Car() {
  Vehicle.call(this, 4);
  this.doors = 4;
}

Car.prototype = Object.create(Vehicle.prototype);
Car.prototype.constructor = Car;

const myCar = new Car();
console.log(myCar.getWheels(), myCar instanceof Vehicle);

const compose = (...fns) => x => fns.reduceRight((acc, fn) => fn(acc), x);

const addTwo = num => num + 2;
const multiplyByThree = num => num * 3;
const subtractTen = num => num - 10;

const calculate = compose(subtractTen, multiplyByThree, addTwo);

console.log(calculate(5));

function mystery() {
  try {
    console.log('A');
    throw new Error('Oops');
    console.log('B');
  } catch (err) {
    console.log('C');
    return 'D';
  } finally {
    console.log('E');
    return 'F';
  }
  console.log('G');
  return 'H';
}

console.log(mystery());

const users = [
  { id: 1, name: 'Sarah' },
  { id: 2, name: 'Miguel' },
  { id: 3, name: 'Jordan' }
];

const activeUsers = new WeakSet();
activeUsers.add(users[0]);
activeUsers.add(users[2]);

users.splice(1, 1); // Remove Miguel

let count = 0;
for (const user of users) {
  if (activeUsers.has(user)) count++;
}

console.log(count);

function createCounter() {
  let count = 0;
  
  return {
    increment() {
      return ++count;
    },
    reset() {
      const oldCount = count;
      count = 0;
      return oldCount;
    }
  };
}

const counterA = createCounter();
const counterB = createCounter();

counterA.increment();
counterA.increment();
counterB.increment();
const result = counterA.reset() + counterB.reset();
console.log(result);

const memoryLeak = () => {
  const cache = new Map();
  const weakCache = new WeakMap();
  
  const objKey = { id: 123 };
  const data = { name: 'User data', value: 42 };
  
  cache.set(objKey, data);
  weakCache.set(objKey, data);
  
  // Simulate removing reference to key
  const result = { map: cache.has(objKey), weakMap: weakCache.has(objKey) };
  // objKey = null; // This would be an error, as const can't be reassigned
  
  return result;
};

console.log(memoryLeak());

function createCounter() {
  let count = 0;
  
  function increment() {
    count += 1;
    return count;
  }
  
  function decrement() {
    count -= 1;
    return count;
  }
  
  return { increment, decrement, value: () => count };
}

const counter = createCounter();
counter.increment();
counter.increment();
counter.decrement();

console.log(counter.value() + counter.increment());