class ValidationError extends Error {
  constructor(message, field) {
    super(message);
    this.name = "ValidationError";
    this.field = field;
  }
}

class NetworkError extends ValidationError {
  constructor(message, field, statusCode) {
    super(message, field);
    this.name = "NetworkError";
    this.statusCode = statusCode;
  }
}

const err = new NetworkError("Not Found", "endpoint", 404);

console.log([
  err instanceof NetworkError,
  err instanceof ValidationError,
  err instanceof Error,
  err instanceof TypeError,
].join(", "));