const user = {
  profile: {
    name: 'Alice',
    settings: {
      notifications: {
        email: true,
        sms: false
      }
    }
  },
  getPreference(type) {
    return this.profile?.settings?.notifications?.[type] ?? 'not configured';
  }
};

const admin = {
  profile: {
    name: 'Admin',
    settings: null
  },
  getPreference: user.getPreference
};

console.log(admin.getPreference('email'));