U - Unit Testing

Used to verify individual parts of code (methods, classes) using tools like JUnit or TestNG. Ensures each part works correctly in isolation.


V - Variables

Containers for storing data values. Java supports:

Instance variables
Static variables
Local variables
Parameters


W - Wrapper Classes

Provide object versions of primitive data types. E.g., int → Integer, double → Double. Useful when working with collections or for autoboxing.


X - XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

Used to store and transport data. In Java, XML is commonly used for configuration (e.g., Spring) and data interchange.


Y - Yield (Threading)

The Thread.yield() method hints to the scheduler that the current thread is willing to yield its current use of a processor.


Z - Zero-Based Indexing

Java arrays and collections are zero-indexed, meaning the first element is accessed at index 0.

int[] arr = {1, 2, 3};
System.out.println(arr[0]); // Outputs 1


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