ساختار Passive Voice (جمله مجهول)

هدف: وقتی بخواهیم کار انجام شده رو بخشی از جمله تمرکز کنیم و انجام‌دهنده یا ماهیت انجام‌دهنده رو حذف یا کم‌رنگ کنیم.

ساختار پایه
- زمان حال ساده: am/is/are + شکل سوم فعل
  - The report is written by John.
- گذشته ساده: was/were + شکل سوم فعل
  - The window was broken yesterday.
- حال کامل: has/have been + شکل سوم فعل
  - The project has been completed.
- Future ساده: will be + شکل سوم فعل
  - The letters will be mailed tomorrow.

نکته کلیدی
- در passive معمولاً فاعل جمله اصلی (اجنته) با عبارت by … کنار می‌آید اگر واقعاً لازم باشد مشخص شود.
- اگر فاعل مهم نیست یا می‌خواهیم فاعل نامشخص باشد، می‌توان فاعل را حذف کرد:
  - The song was recorded last year.
  - The food is cooked fresh daily.

زمان‌های رایج و نمونه‌ها
- Present Simple
  - Active: The chef prepares the meal.
  - Passive: The meal is prepared by the chef.
- Past Simple
  - Active: They built the bridge.
  - Passive: The bridge was built by them.
- Present Perfect
  - Active: They have completed the report.
  - Passive: The report has been completed.
- Modals + Passive
  - Active: They must finish the job.
  - Passive: The job must be finished (by them).

کاربردهای معمول
- تمرکز روی نتیجه یا انتشار کار
  - The novel was published in 2020.
- زمان‌بندی رویدادها بدون ذکر انجام‌دهنده
  - The car was stolen last night.
- فرایندهای فرامین یا دستورهای رسمی
  - The documents should be signed by the manager.
- گزارش‌های خبری یا علمی
  - Several experiments have been conducted.

تمرین سریع
1) فعال: People clean the streets every morning.
   مجهول: The streets are cleaned every morning.
2) فعال: They will deliver the package tomorrow.
   مجهول: The package will be delivered tomorrow.
3) فعال: The committee approved the proposal.
   مجهول: The proposal was approved by the committee.



@ilearn