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📌Types of Scientific Apartheid
1. Geopolitical Apartheid in
Science
2. Institutional Apartheid
3. Racial and Gender-Based Scientific Apartheid
4. Technological Apartheid
📌Examples of Scientific Apartheid
◦ COVID-19 Vaccine Inequality: Wealthy countries hoarded vaccines while developing nations struggled to obtain doses.
◦ Global South's Limited Access to Scientific Journals: Many African and Asian universities lack subscriptions to leading journals due to high costs.
◦ Discriminatory Visa Policies for Scientists: Researchers from certain countries are denied entry to conferences or academic programs.
◦ US & EU Restrictions on Scientific Collaboration with Certain Countries: Scientists from sanctioned nations face bans on publishing in Western journals or accessing research tools.
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