India’s TVET system: historical legacies, structural challenges, and reform opportunities

CERE TrendWatch is a series publishing concise analytical notes with infographics on key themes in education and skills development across emerging economies. Each issue spotlights major trends and policy insights to inform research and decision-making.

The third issue of CERE TrendWatch examines the evolution of India’s technical and vocational education and training (TVET) system, situating it within the country’s post-colonial development trajectory and highly segmented labour market. The analysis emphasises how institutional legacies, demographic pressures, and fragmented governance structures shape current outcomes and reform prospects.

The author is Santosh Mehrotra, Visiting Professor, Centre for Development Studies, University of Bath

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