Researchers at the University of East Anglia have identified a previously unknown property of light that allows it to twist, spin, and behave in unusual ways – without the need for mirrors, materials, or specialized lenses.

In a finding that could reshape medical diagnostics, data transmission, and future quantum systems, scientists from the UK and South Africa demonstrated that light can be “programmed” by taking advantage of its inherent geometry.

This result challenges long-standing assumptions, showing that light can develop chiral behavior – meaning it can act like a left or right hand – while moving freely through space.

According to the team, this could eventually enable light to carry information, examine biological systems, manipulate matter, and safeguard quantum signals.

Why Chirality Matters
Chirality, or “handedness,” plays a key role in science. Many molecules, including those used in medicines, exist in left- and right-handed forms that appear nearly identical but can behave very differently in the body.

To distinguish between them, scientists typically rely on specialized light that rotates either clockwise or anticlockwise. Until now, generating and controlling this type of light required carefully designed surfaces, advanced materials, or intense focusing with powerful lenses.

The new research shows those steps may not be necessary.

“Our work shows that light can naturally develop this handed behavior all on its own,” said Dr. Kayn Forbes from UEA’s School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Pharmacology.

“You just have to prepare it in the right way. Most people think of light as traveling in straight lines. But scientists can also create structured light – light whose brightness, shape, and direction are carefully arranged.”