On March 6, Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare officially granted conditional and time-limited marketing authorization to two regenerative medical products derived from reprogrammed iPS cells, marking exactly 20 years since the creation of mouse iPS cells. These will be the world's first practical application of iPS cell-derived products.

What Are iPS cells?
The initialism stands for induced pluripotent stem cells. These are adult cells, such as skin or blood cells, that have been reprogrammed to function like embryonic stem cells. They can divide indefinitely and can take the form of any cell type. Thanks to this ability, they can be used to test new drugs and for research in regenerative medicine. This type of cell allows for scientific advancement without the ethical problems that arise from working with embryonic stem cells.

Sheets of Cells Attached to the Wall of the Heart
One of the regenerative medicine products that has been approved is ReHeart, from Qualipse, a startup based at Osaka University. It's a sheet of specialized heart cells called cardiomyocytes differentiated from iPS cells of healthy donors, and it generated considerable buzz when it was presented at the Osaka-Kansai Expo. It's intended for patients with severe heart failure due to ischemic cardiomyopathy who don't recover sufficiently despite standard treatment, including drug therapy and invasive procedures.

Neurons “Implanted” Directly Into the Brain
The second approved product is Amusepri (generic name: laguneprocell) from Sumitomo Pharma and Racthera. It consists of precursor cells destined to become dopamine-producing neurons made from donor iPS cells. It is indicated for improving motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease who have had an inadequate response to existing drug therapies, including levodopa-containing preparations.