High energy scans or the body looking for tumors or infections could be greatly improved by adopting perovskite detectors instead of the fragile or low-resolution options currently in use, a new study reports. The process would not only make the diagnosis of health threats more accurate, but reduce exposure to radiation that can cause problems down the line, saving money at the same time.

Advances in nuclear medicine mean that we can now measure the biological activity at a location in the body, for example the blood flow in small veins or arteries to identify abnormalities. Increasingly, such techniques applied to the brain allow doctors to distinguish between different types of dementia, that may respond to different interventions, among a host of other applications.

“Perovskites are a family of crystals best known for transforming the field of solar energy,” said Professor Mercouri Kanatzidis of Northwestern University in a statement. “Now, they are poised to do the same for nuclear medicine. This is the first clear proof that perovskite detectors can produce the kind of sharp, reliable images that doctors need to provide the best care for their patients.”

Nuclear medicine includes treatments such as radiotherapy, but in this context is about diagnosis, not treatment. Single-photon emission computing tomography (SPECT) represents a way to build three dimensional reconstructions of organs. A short-lived gamma ray source is placed inside the body, and the rays emitted are captured by detectors. Subtle changes in activity affect the movement of the gamma rays, allowing the detector to put together an image, just as bones show up on X-rays, but in this case the reconstructions can be 3D.

However, the existing detector technologies are expensive to build, and one of the two main receptor chemistries, cadmium zinc telluride, is prone to cracking. The alternative, sodium iodide, lacks clarity.

Kanatzidis was one of the pioneers of making solar cells from perovskites, a technology that is now starting to reach commercial application, offering cheaper and more efficient energy collection from the Sun. In the process, Kanatzidis’s team developed skills in producing perovskite crystals with few flaws or impurities. Kanatzidis noted some of these crystals efficiently convert high-energy photons to electricity, as well as the other characteristics needed to make them excellent detectors of X-rays or gamma rays.