According to Peter Frost and Henry C. Harpending in the paper “Western Europe, State Formation, and Genetic Pacification”, “The rising execution rate was paralleled by a steadily falling homicide rate throughout most of Western Europe."

They write: "Between 1500 and 1750, a period of approximately 10 generations when the “war on murder” was at its height and for which we have good historical data. At the beginning of that period, the English homicide rate was about 20 to 40 per year per 100,000 people. At the end, it was about 2 to 4 per 100,000, i.e., a 10-fold reduction."

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