Marching Squares is a classic algorithm for constructing contour lines (isolinues) from a 2D scalar field.

Used for visualizations such as topographic maps.

Each grid cell is mapped to a simple polygon depending on which of its angles are above or below a specified threshold.

It has a 3D counterpart, Marching Cubes, which does the same thing, but for 3D.

If you like such visualizations, you might be interested in a recent article about the ML concept of Rectified Flows.

There are many explanatory interactive visualizations there.

Code for all of this can also be viewed on GitHub.

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