Output: 0.5 → 50%

🔹 16. Common Mistakes

❌ Probability can be greater than 1 

Incorrect: Probability = 1.5 

Correct range: 0 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1

❌ Confusing independent and mutually exclusive events

Independent: One event does not affect the other

Mutually exclusive: Both events cannot occur at the same time

🎯 Practice Questions

1. What is the probability of getting Heads when tossing a fair coin?

2. What is the probability of rolling an even number on a six-sided die?

3. If P(A) = 0.8, what is P(Not A)?

4. What is the probability of getting two Heads when tossing a fair coin twice?

5. Explain the difference between independent and dependent events.

🎯 Key Takeaways

✅ Probability measures the likelihood of an event

✅ Probability ranges from "0" to "1"

✅ Sample space contains all possible outcomes

✅ Complementary probability is "1 - P(A)"

✅ Independent events do not affect each other

✅ Dependent events affect each other's probabilities

✅ Conditional probability measures the probability of an event given another event

✅ Probability is fundamental to Machine Learning, classification, risk analysis, and statistical inference

Understanding probability is essential before moving into more advanced topics such as Bayes' Theorem, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, and machine learning algorithms.

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