✅ 🔤 A–Z of Machine Learning

A – Artificial Neural Networks
Computing systems inspired by the human brain, used for pattern recognition.

B – Bagging
Ensemble technique that combines multiple models to improve stability and accuracy.

C – Cross-Validation
Method to evaluate model performance by partitioning data into training and testing sets.

D – Decision Trees
Models that split data into branches to make predictions or classifications.

E – Ensemble Learning
Combining multiple models to improve overall prediction power.

F – Feature Scaling
Techniques like normalization to standardize data for better model performance.

G – Gradient Descent
Optimization algorithm to minimize the error by adjusting model parameters.

H – Hyperparameter Tuning
Process of selecting the best model settings to improve accuracy.

I – Instance-Based Learning
Models that compare new data to stored instances for prediction.

J – Jaccard Index
Metric to measure similarity between sample sets.

K – K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
Algorithm that classifies data based on closest training examples.

L – Logistic Regression
Statistical model used for binary classification tasks.

M – Model Overfitting
When a model performs well on training data but poorly on new data.

N – Normalization
Scaling input features to a specific range to aid learning.

O – Outliers
Data points that deviate significantly from the majority and may affect models.

P – PCA (Principal Component Analysis)
Technique for reducing data dimensionality while preserving variance.

Q – Q-Learning
Reinforcement learning method for learning optimal actions through rewards.

R – Regularization
Technique to prevent overfitting by adding penalty terms to loss functions.

S – Support Vector Machines
Supervised learning models for classification and regression tasks.

T – Training Set
Data used to fit and train machine learning models.

U – Underfitting
When a model is too simple to capture underlying patterns in data.

V – Validation Set
Subset of data used to tune model hyperparameters.

W – Weight Initialization
Setting initial values for model parameters before training.

X – XGBoost
Efficient implementation of gradient boosted decision trees.

Y – Y-Axis
In learning curves, represents model performance or error rate.

Z – Z-Score
Statistical measurement of a value's relationship to the mean of a group.

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