What is emergence, after all?
https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/5/2/pgag010/8429832.

In this perspective paper, I clarify the scientific meaning of emergence as a measurable and physically grounded phenomenon. Through concrete examples, such as temperature, magnetism, and herd immunity in social networks, I review how collective behavior can arise from local interactions that are constrained by global boundaries. By refining the concept of emergence, it is possible to gain a clearer and more grounded understanding of complex systems. My goal is to show that emergence, when properly framed, offers not mysticism, but rather insight.

Science is compatible with a form of pluralism that affirms the reality of higher-level causal powers. The word “emergence” is widely used in the field of complex systems. While vague or mystical references to emergence may sound compelling, selling complexity science by mystifying emergence and invoking some spiritual dimensions is a great disservice.