Coding Interview Preparation

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Functions You Should Know

You're in an interview, and the interviewer asks,

How many types of API functions are available in Node.js? Explain them.

here's how you can answer:

Sample Answer:

In Node.js, there are mainly two types of API functions: blocking (synchronous) and non-blocking (asynchronous).

Blocking functions execute code one line at a time, meaning the next line won’t run until the current task is finished. For example, when you use fs.readFileSync() to read a file, it waits until the file is completely read before moving on to the next line of code. This approach can slow down the application if the task takes a long time because it blocks everything else from running.

Non-blocking functions, on the other hand, let other code run while the task is happening in the background. For instance, fs.readFile() reads a file asynchronously and immediately moves on to the next line without waiting. This makes non-blocking functions much faster and more efficient, especially for tasks like reading files, making network requests, or interacting with a database.

Node.js relies heavily on non-blocking functions because they help the application handle many tasks at once without getting stuck, making it more responsive and scalable. This approach is great for high-performance applications like web servers, where you need to handle multiple requests at the same time without delays.

So, to sum it up: blocking functions execute tasks one by one, stopping other code from running, while non-blocking functions run tasks in the background, keeping everything else running smoothly.

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Types of Inheritance

1. Single Inheritance:
In single inheritance, a class can inherit from only one parent class. This is the simplest form of inheritance. The derived class inherits the attributes and methods of a single base class.

2. Multiple Inheritance:
Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit from more than one parent class. In this case, the derived class inherits the attributes and methods of multiple base classes.

3. Multilevel Inheritance:
In multilevel inheritance, a class derives from another class, which in turn derives from another class, creating a chain or hierarchy of classes.

4. Hierarchical Inheritance:
In hierarchical inheritance, multiple derived classes inherit from a single base class. This creates a tree-like structure of classes, with a common base class.

5. Hybrid Inheritance:
Hybrid inheritance is a combination of two or more types of inheritance within the same program.

Inheritance in Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

A concept that allows one class to inherit the properties and behaviours (i.e., fields and methods) of another class.
Inheritance promotes code reusability and helps in structuring and organizing code.

In inheritance we have:
1. Base Class (Parent Class or Superclass):
The class whose properties and methods are inherited by another class.

2. Derived Class (Subclass or Child Class):
The class that inherits from a base class is known as the derived class or subclass.

Syntax:
class BaseClass {

};

class DerivedClass : access-specifier
BaseClass {

};


Imagine we have a "Vehicle" class. This class defines what all vehicles have in common, like wheels and an engine.
Now, if we want to create a "Car" class, you can make it inherit from the "Vehicle" class.

So, inheritance helps us avoid repeating the same code and makes it easier to create new classes that share common features with existing classes.

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