📍 1. What is Middleware in Express.js?
A: Middleware are functions that execute during the request-response cycle. They can modify
req/res, execute code, or end the request.📍 2. Types of Middleware
- Application-level: Applied to all routes or specific routes
- Router-level: Applied to router instances
- Built-in: e.g.,
express.json(), express.static() - Third-party: e.g.,
cors, morgan, helmet📍 3. Example – Logging Middleware
app.use((req, res, next) => {
console.log(`req.method{req.url}`);
next(); // Pass to next middleware/route
});📍 4. Built-in Middleware
app.use(express.json()); // Parses JSON body
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // Parses URL-encoded body
📍 5. Router-level Middleware
const router = express.Router();
router.use((req, res, next) => {
console.log('Router Middleware Active');
next();
});
📍 6. Error-handling Middleware
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
console.error(err.stack);
res.status(500).send('Something broke!');
});📍 7. Chaining Middleware
app.get('/profile', authMiddleware, logMiddleware, (req, res) => {
res.send('User Profile');
});💡 Pro Tip: Middleware order matters — always place error-handling middleware last.
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